Table 3. Lifetime impairments in non-verbal communication domain/items and verbal communication items.
| Latino (n = 48) | White (n = 96) | F | Partial η2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| M | SD | M | SD | |||
| Non-verbal communication domain | 12.31 | .30 | 12.57 | .20 | .49 | .00 |
| Pointing to express interest | 1.62 | .09 | 1.73 | .06 | 1.02 | .00 |
| Conventional gestures | 1.85 | .07 | 1.91 | .05 | .42 | .00 |
| Nodding head | 1.62 | .09 | 1.73 | .06 | 1.02 | .01 |
| Head shaking | 1.52 | .10 | 1.67 | .07 | 1.51 | .01 |
| Spontaneous imitation of actions | 1.81 | .06 | 1.91 | .04 | 1.73 | .01 |
| Imaginative play | 1.92 | .06 | 1.86 | .04 | .81 | .01 |
| Imitative social play | 1.89 | .07 | 1.72 | .05 | 4.39* | .03 |
| Verbal communicationa | (n = 23) | (n = 46) | ||||
| Stereotyped utterances/echolalia | 1.25 | .17 | 1.31 | .12 | .07 | .00 |
| Social verbalization/chat | 1.32 | .21 | 1.08 | .14 | .81 | .01 |
| Reciprocal conversation | 1.00 | .16 | 1.22 | .11 | 1.16 | .00 |
| Inappropriate questions/statements | 1.17 | .19 | 1.18 | .13 | .00 | .00 |
| Pronominal reversal | .94 | .20 | 1.08 | .14 | .29 | .00 |
| Neologisms/idiosyncratic language | .36 | .14 | .45 | .09 | .26 | .00 |
Adjusted for maternal education attainment and child residential status
*
p <.05
a
Verbal communication items are for verbal participants only