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. 2013 Aug;20(8):957–967. doi: 10.1177/1933719112472741

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Effect of human labor on apelin expression in human fetal membranes. A and B, Human fetal membranes were obtained from women not in labor at term cesarean section and women after term spontaneous labor onset and delivery (n = 6 per group). A, Gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH mRNA expression. Relative apelin mRNA expression is displayed as mean ± SEM. *P < .05 versus no labor (Student t test).B, Western blot and quantitation for apelin. Expression levels were confirmed by densitometry. Data were displayed as the mean ± SEM. *P < .05 versus no labor (Student t test). C, Human fetal membranes were obtained from preterm nonlaboring women (n = 9) and women after spontaneous preterm labor and delivery (n = 8). Apelin protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting, and displayed as apelin expression normalized to β-actin loading control. *P < .05 versus no labor (Student t test). Representative Western blot of 4 patients per group is shown. GAPDH indicates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; mRNA, messenger RNA; qRT-PCR, qualitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; SEM, standard error of the mean.