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. 2013 Jun;19(6):916–924. doi: 10.3201/eid1906.121641

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Mean effective daily reproduction number (R_e) during Rift Valley fever epidemic, South Africa, 2010. R_e was estimated by using D₀(s,t) values (dashed black line) and D₀(s,t) smoothed surfaces obtained with bandwidth values of 1 (dark gray), 3 (medium gray), and 5 (light gray). D₀(s,t) values were estimated by using the space–time K-function (19,20) and are a measure of the spatiotemporal proximity between cases. The horizontal dashed line represents the threshold value R_e = 1.