Table 3.

Odds of pancreatic cancer by quintile of plasma markers and time between blood collection and diagnosis*

Years between plasma collection and cancer diagnosis†	No. of cases/controls	OR (95% CI) for quintile of plasma marker‡					P trend§
		1	2	3	4	5
Insulin
≥2 y	405/889	1.0	1.13 (0.75 to 1.69)	1.20 (0.79 to 1.82)	1.51 (1.00 to 2.28)	2.00 (1.32 to 3.00)	<.001
≥5 y	296/655	1.0	1.15 (0.72 to 1.85)	1.13 (0.69 to 1.83)	1.24 (0.75 to 2.03)	1.93 (1.19 to 3.15)	.003
≥10 y	129/295	1.0	1.33 (0.62 to 2.85)	1.41 (0.65 to 3.06)	2.51 (1.19 to 5.30)	2.77 (1.28 to 5.99)	.004
Proinsulin
≥2 y	406/890	1.0	1.21 (0.80 to 1.83)	1.24 (0.81 to 1.89)	1.36 (0.88 to 2.08)	2.28 (1.49 to 3.48)	<.001
≥5 y	296/656	1.0	1.16 (0.72 to 1.89)	1.16 (0.71 to 1.89)	1.02 (0.61 to 1.71)	2.29 (1.41 to 3.72)	<.001
≥10 y	130/298	1.0	1.50 (0.70 to 3.19)	1.54 (0.72 to 3.30)	1.26 (0.55 to 2.88)	3.60 (1.68 to 7.72)	<.001

* CI = confidence interval; HPFS = Health Professionals Follow-up Study; NHS = Nurses’ Health Study; OR = odds ratio; PHS = Physicians’ Health Study; WHI = Women’s Health Initiative; WHS = Women’s Health Study.

† For the pancreatic cancer cases in the ≥2 years, ≥5 years, and ≥10 years groups, the median time between blood collection and pancreatic cancer diagnosis was 7.6 years, 9.3 years, and 13.5 years, respectively.

‡ Adjusted for prospective cohort (HPFS, NHS, PHS, WHI, WHS; which also adjusted for sex), smoking status (never, past, current <25 cigarettes/day, current ≥25 cigarettes/day, missing), fasting time (<4, 4–8, 8–12, ≥12 hours, missing) age at blood collection (continuous), race (white, black, other, missing) and body mass index (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, ≥30kg/m²).

§ Test for trend calculated by entering quintile-specific median values for plasma marker as a continuous variable in logistic regression models. All P values were two-sided.