Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Sample and Patients Lost to Follow-upa
| Final Sample |
Lost to Follow-up |
P Value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 334 (82.7) | 70 (17.3) | ||
| Mean age, y | 8.4 | 8.8 | .47 | |
| Age range, y | ||||
| 2–4 | 89 (26.6) | 15 (21.4) |  |
|
| 5–7 | 71 (21.3) | 16 (22.9) | .73 | |
| 8–12 | 90 (26.9) | 22 (31.4) | ||
| 13–18 | 84 (25.1) | 17 (24.3) | ||
| Female sex | 136 (40.7) | 23 (32.9) | .22 | |
| Race | ||||
| Black or African American | 91 (27.2) | 22 (31.4) |  |
|
| White | 203 (60.8) | 34 (48.6) | ||
| Asian | 9 (2.7) | 3 (4.3) | .27 | |
| American Indian | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.4) | ||
| >1 Race | 3 (0.9) | 2 (2.9) | ||
| Unknown/unreported | 27 (8.1) | 8 (11.4) | ||
| Insurance | ||||
| Public assistance | 91 (27.4) | 23 (32.9) |  |
|
| Private | 227 (68.4) | 45 (64.3) | .63 | |
| Self-pay | 14 (4.2) | 2 (2.9) | ||
| Injury location | ||||
| Face/head/neck | 143 (42.8) | 17 (24.3)b |  |
|
| Upper extremity | 109 (32.6) | 36 (51.4)b | .01 | |
| Torso/spine | 12 (3.6) | 3 (4.3) | ||
| Lower extremity | 70 (21.0) | 14 (20.0) | ||
| Injury type | ||||
| Fracture | 82 (24.6) | 27 (38.6) |  |
|
| Cutaneous/soft tissue | 191 (57.2) | 37 (52.9) | .52 | |
| Sprain/strain | 37 (11.1) | 4 (5.7) | ||
| Minor head injury | 24 (7.2) | 2 (2.9) | ||
| PedsQL scores at baseline, mean (SD) | ||||
| Parent reportedc | ||||
| Total | 88.0 (14.2) | 86.0 (14.0) | .12 | |
| Physical summary | 90.0 (19.6) | 89.5 (17.2) | .30 | |
| Psychosocial summary | 86.8 (13.5) | 84.0 (14.6) | .12 | |
| Child/adolescent (aged 5–18 y) reportedd | ||||
| Total | 83.4 (12.6) | 80.0 (16.8) | .27 | |
| Physical summary | 87.8 (13.7) | 83.6 (19.6) | .27 | |
| Psychosocial summary | 81.0 (14.2) | 78.1 (17.3) | .38 | |
| Baseline | Follow-up | |||
| PedsQL floor/ceiling effectse | ||||
| Parent reported (n=332) | ||||
| Total | 0.0/18.6 | 0.0/13.0 | … | |
| Physical summary | 0.0/56.2 | 0.0/23.9 | … | |
| Psychosocial summary | 0.0/21.9 | 0.0/21.8 | … | |
| Child reported (n=241) | ||||
| Total | 0.0/5.0 | 0.0/4.4 | … | |
| Physical summary | 0.0/25.3 | 0.0/14.4 | … | |
| Psychosocial summary | 0.0/7.5 | 0.0/8.7 | … | |
Abbreviations: ellipses, not applicable; PedsQL, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales.
a
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as number (percentage) of patients. Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100.
b
Standardized residuals −2.0 and 2.2, respectively, indicating slight underrepresentation or overrepresentation of the characteristic in groups lost to follow-up.
c
Includes 332 parents in the study sample and 66 lost to follow-up.
d
Includes 241 patients in the study sample and 50 lost to follow-up.
e
Floor effect indicates percentage with scale score of 0; ceiling effect, percentage with scale score of 100.