TABLE 1.
Admitted with CPR N = 55,996 |
Admitted with DNR(1) N = 62,251 |
25% random sample of those admitted with CPR(2) N = 13,999 |
25% random sample of those admitted with DNR(3) N = 15,562 |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual Characteristics: | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % |
Male | 21,040 | 38 | 20,821 | 33 | 5,116 | 37 | 5,267 | 34 |
Age | ||||||||
< 65 | 4,083 | 7 | 1,886 | 3 | 1,061 | 8 | 477 | 3 |
65 – 74 | 7,400 | 13 | 5,690 | 9 | 1,844 | 13 | 1,395 | 9 |
75 – 84 | 21,264 | 38 | 21,542 | 35 | 5,293 | 38 | 5,403 | 35 |
>= 85 | 23,249 | 42 | 33,133 | 53 | 5,801 | 41 | 8,287 | 53 |
Highest level of schooling completed | ||||||||
Grade 11 or less, including no schooling | 20,708 | 37 | 21,618 | 35 | 5,098 | 36 | 5,405 | 35 |
High school diploma | 22,089 | 39 | 24,436 | 39 | 5,574 | 40 | 6,095 | 39 |
Some college, technical school, college degree or higher | 12,300 | 22 | 15,479 | 25 | 3,077 | 22 | 3,892 | 25 |
Unknown | 899 | 2 | 718 | 1 | 250 | 2 | 170 | 1 |
Married | 16,554 | 30 | 17,069 | 27 | 4,059 | 29 | 4,282 | 28 |
Race | ||||||||
White | 47,263 | 84 | 58,489 | 94 | 11,757 | 84 | 14,629 | 94 |
Black | 5,985 | 11 | 2,066 | 3 | 1,570 | 11 | 495 | 3 |
Hispanic | 1,855 | 3 | 1,050 | 2 | 457 | 3 | 281 | 2 |
Other | 893 | 2 | 646 | 1 | 215 | 2 | 157 | 1 |
Clinical Characteristics at Admission: | ||||||||
Moderate pain daily or severe pain within the last seven days | 9,064 | 16 | 11,218 | 18 | 2,229 | 16 | 2,826 | 18 |
At least stage 2 pressure ulcer present | 8,588 | 15 | 9,097 | 15 | 2,131 | 15 | 2,282 | 15 |
Chemotherapy treatment | 394 | 1 | 372 | 1 | 111 | 1 | 79 | 1 |
Renal dialysis treatment | 1,106 | 2 | 506 | 1 | 281 | 2 | 137 | 1 |
Ventilator | 293 | 1 | 128 | < 1 | 75 | 1 | 36 | < 1 |
Clinical Characteristics at Admission: | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % |
DX of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease | 25,421 | 45 | 31,487 | 51 | 6,441 | 46 | 7,926 | 51 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
MDS Cognitive Performance Scale(4) (4)Range: 1–7, where larger score indicates more impairment | 3.26 | 1.65 | 3.59 | 1.67 | 3.26 | 1.65 | 3.60 | 1.66 |
Depression: Sum of MDS items in section E1 Range: 0–32, where a larger score indicates more depression |
1.48 | 2.55 | 1.86 | 2.87 | 1.50 | 2.55 | 1.88 | 2.85 |
Aggressive behavior scale: Sum of MDS Behavioral symptom frequency items (E4BA, E4CA, E4DA, E4EA) Range: 0–12, where larger score indicates more aggressive |
0.58 | 1.46 | 0.70 | 1.60 | 0.58 | 1.47 | 0.71 | 1.61 |
# of co-morbidities: Sum of 41 MDS items in Section I1 with the exception of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia Range: 0–18 |
3.83 | 2.19 | 3.99 | 2.24 | 3.80 | 2.16 | 4.01 | 2.25 |
# of activities of daily living limitations: Sum of MDS items in section G1A Range: 0–40 where larger score indicates more impairment |
17.07 | 9.31 | 18.15 | 9.22 | 17.14 | 9.29 | 18.18 | 9.23 |
Hospitalization(5) Range: 0–20 |
0.66 | 1.07 | 0.55 | 0.96 | 0.66 | 1.08 | 0.55 | 0.98 |
Nursing home transfer(5) Range: 0–7 |
0.26 | 0.55 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 0.26 | 0.54 | 0.15 | 0.44 |
Patients Admitted to Nursing Homes with the Following Characteristics: | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % |
For-profit | 37,664 | 67 | 35,846 | 58 | 9,397 | 67 | 8,987 | 58 |
Chain affiliated | 29,890 | 53 | 29,611 | 48 | 7,436 | 53 | 7,386 | 47 |
Hospital based | 2,654 | 5 | 3,341 | 5 | 643 | 5 | 861 | 6 |
Nursing home has any physician extenders | 16,851 | 30 | 17,178 | 28 | 4,290 | 31 | 4,215 | 27 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Proportion of facility residents whose primary support is Medicaid Range: 0–1 |
0.63 | 0.22 | 0.60 | 0.21 | 0.62 | 0.22 | 0.60 | 0.21 |
Proportion of facility residents whose primary support is Medicare Range: 0–1 |
0.12 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.11 |
Average facility RUGs case-mix index Range: 0.46–1.51 |
0.82 | 0.09 | 0.81 | 0.08 | 0.82 | 0.09 | 0.81 | 0.08 |
Occupancy rate Range: 0.04–1 |
0.87 | 0.12 | 0.88 | 0.11 | 0.87 | 0.12 | 0.88 | 0.12 |
Total # of beds Range: 4–1389 |
147 | 98 | 130 | 85 | 147 | 97 | 129 | 84 |
CNA hours per resident day Range: 0.06–22.61 |
2.22 | 0.80 | 2.24 | 0.80 | 2.22 | 0.85 | 2.25 | 0.87 |
LPN hours per resident day Range: 0–12.57 |
0.73 | 0.37 | 0.69 | 0.33 | 0.73 | 0.37 | 0.70 | 0.33 |
RN hours per resident day Range: 0–8.45 |
0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.34 |
Ratio of RNs to all nurses Range: 0–1 |
0.31 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.31 | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.19 |
In comparing the DNR 25% sample to DNR full sample, only male and black are significantly different at .05
In comparing the CPR 25% sample to CPR, there are no significant differences.
In comparing the DNR group to the admitted with CPR, the only differences that are NOT significant are for the proportion of residents with a high school diploma and RN hours per resident day.
Morris JN, Fries BE, Mehr DR, et al. MDS Cognitive Performance Scale. Journal of Gerontology. 1994;49(4):M174-M183.
Summarized as total number of events over the study period.