Table 1:
Characteristics and details of the included studies
| Author | Design | Patient population | AKI definition | Statin users (n) | Non-statin users (n) | AKI |
RRT |
Mortality |
Downs and Black Score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S (n) | NS (n) | Adjusted odds (CI) | S (n) | NS (n) | Adjusted odds (CI) | S (n) | NS (n) | Adjusted odds (CI) | |||||||
| Ali and Buth [8] | RC | C, V, C + V | NR | 3555 | 1914 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 451 | 373 | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 20 |
| Allou et al. [9] | RC | C | 50% increase from baseline | 222 | 208 | 22 | 29 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0.52 (0.25–1.11) | 18 |
| Argalious et al. [5] | RC | C V | RIFLE | 6152 | 4487 | 819 | 467 | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | 108 | 74 | 0.8 (0.55–1.18) | 105 | 77 | 0.803 (0.56–1.16) | 19 |
| Billings et al. [10] | RC | C | AKIN | 174 | 150 | 39 | 29 | 1.24 (0.66–2.32) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 21 |
| Bolesta et al. [11] | RC | C | AKIN | 356 | 207 | 125 | 54 | 1.36 (0.904–2.05) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 19 |
| Borger et al. [12] | RC | C, V and C + V | Increased Cr or RRT | 4216 | 5538 | NR | NR | NR | 451 | 454 | NR | 316 | 366 | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | 18 |
| Clark et al. [13] | RC | C, V, C + V | NR | 1044 | 2785 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 26 | 155 | 0.55 (0.32–0.93) | 17 |
| Coleman et al. [14] | RC | C, V, C + V | NR | 1248 | 686 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 53 | 42 | 0.85 (0.51–1.43) | 17 |
| Fedoruk et al. [15] | RC | V | Two times increase from baseline or RRT | 203 | 244 | 8 | 14 | 2.17 (0.824–5.698) | NR | NR | NR | 7 | 13 | 2.7 (0.81–9.05) | 19 |
| Huffmyer et al. [4] | RC | C | RRT or more than 50% decrease in eGFR | 1557 | 1203 | 436 | 331 | 1.012 (0.893–1.145) | 30 | 43 | 0.542 (0.379–0.774) | 31 | 51 | 0.572 (0.42–0.779) | 17 |
| Mithani et al. [16] | RC | C, V, C + V | AKIN | 1434 | 670 | 322 | 173 | 0.79 (0.59–1.06) | 20 | 7 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 21 |
| Powel et al. [17] | RC | C | NR | 2334 | 2405 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 32 | 53 | 0.83 (0.50–1.37) | 17 |
| Subramaniam et al. [18] | RC | C | New onset renal failure requiring dialysis | 1835 | 652 | 8 | 8 | 1 (0.37–2.68) | 8 | 8 | 1 (0.37–2.68) | 5 | 8 | 0.62 (0.20–1.91) | 17 |
| Tabata et al. [19] | RC | C | RRT, two times increase in S Cr and S Cr of >2 mg/dl | 1039 | 763 | NR | NR | 0.54 (0.3–0.99) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 18 |
| Virani et al. [20] | RC | V | NR | 255 | 570 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 9 | 31 | 0.89 (0.38–2.03) | 18 |
| Virani et al. [21] | RC | C, V, C + V | Any increase Sr Cr, ATN, AIN or Anuria | 1675 | 13 26 | 42 | 46 | 0.6 (0.38–0.95) | NR | NR | 0.71 (0.41–1.24) | NR | NR | NR | 17 |
| Pan et al. [22] | RC | C | RRT, at least 2 mg/dl, 0.7 mg/dl rise or RF on autopsy | 943 | 720 | 59 | 39 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 17 | 27 | 0.53 (0.28–0.99) | 18 |
AKIN: acute kidney injury network; ATN: acute tubular necrosis; AIN: acute interstitial nephritis; RC: retrospective cohort; C: CABG; V: isolated valve surgery; Cr: creatinine; C + V: any cardiac surgery (including CABG, valve or combined); RRT: renal replacement therapy; RIFLE: risk injury failure loss and end stage renal disease; NR: not reported; S: preoperative statin treatment group; NS: no preoperative statin group; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; Sr: serum.