Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for factors associated with adoption by practices of health information technology (HIT), stratified by whether practices had adopted any HIT functionalities

	Overall	No HIT	Any HIT
	N=(1744)	n=(1118)	n=(626)	p Value
Organizational capabilities
Size (number of physicians), mean	3.2 (1.0)	2.7 (0.9)	4.2 (1.0)	<0.001
More than one practice site, mean	0.2 (0.1)	0.2 (0.1)	0.2 (0.1)	0.136
Hospital, system, or HMO ownership (%)	9.6 (3.8)	7.8 (2.5)	13.1 (5.5)	0.107
Significant proportion of patients from an IPA or PHO (%)	29.2 (1.3)	30.7 (2)	26.3 (1.6)	0.089
Practice specialty mix (%)
Primary care	82.2 (11.4)	84 (10.8)	78.6 (13)	0.391
Multispecialty	9.1 (7.4)	6.9 (5.8)	13.4 (10.3)	0.221
Single specialty	8.7 (5.9)	9.0 (6.6)	8.0 (5.1)	0.770
Participated in QI program (%)	10.4 (2.3)	7.4 (2)	16.2 (1.5)	<0.001
Patient-centered management index (range 0–5) (mean)	2.2 (0.2)	2.3 (0.2)	2.1 (0.1)	0.065
Revenue from Medicaid or uninsured, mean (%)	11.7 (0.6)	11.5 (0.7)	12.1 (0.7)	0.504
African-American patients, mean (%)	13.8 (0.4)	14.1 (0.5)	13.4 (0.5)	0.347
Patients with limited English proficiency, mean (%)	7.6 (1.2)	9.4 (1.5)	4.3 (0.5)	0.003
External incentives
Public reporting index (range 0–2) (mean)	0.5 (0.0)	0.5 (0.0)	0.5 (0.0)	0.564
Bonus income for HIT (%)	11.7 (1.9)	9.3 (2.3)	16.4 (0.6)	0.004

Results are weighted to be nationally representative. Numbers in parentheses are SEs. p Values indicate whether practices adopting any HIT significantly differed from those not adopting HIT on each item.

Source: National Survey of Small and Medium-sized Physician Practices (July 2007–March 2009).

HIT, health information technology; HMO, health maintenance organization; IPA, independent practice association; PHO, physician–hospital organization; QI, quality improvement.