Table 1.

Characteristics of All Respondents Included in the Study

Characteristic		Malaysia (n = 3,220)		Thailand (n = 3,067)		Testa
		Frequency	%	Frequency	%	χ2	df	p value
Sex	Men	3121	96.9	2815	91.8	28.49	1	<.001
	Women	99	3.1	252	8.2
Age	18–24	609	18.9	234	7.6	246.88	3	<.001
	25–39	1109	34.4	799	26.1
	40–54	996	30.9	1198	39.1
	55+	506	15.7	836	27.2
	Mean (SD)	39.2 (14.6)		45.9 (14.6)		39.23	1, 49	<.001
Urban vs. rural	Rural	1025	31.8	1937	63.2	4.62	1	.032
	Urban	2195	68.2	1130	36.8
Income	Low	872	27.1	1006	32.8	37.73	3	<.001
	Moderate	910	28.3	996	32.5
	High	971	30.2	1008	32.9
	Not reported	467	14.5	57	1.8
Education	Secondary/more	1928	59.9	499	16.3	117.28b	1, 49	<.001
	Less than secondary	1292	40.1	2568	83.7
Ethnicity	Minor group	837	26.0	46	1.5	126.28	1	<.001
	Major group	2383	74.0	3021	98.5
Smoking frequency	Nondaily smoker	71	2.2	185	6.0	60.08	1	<.001
	Daily smoker	3149	97.8	2882	94.0
Cigarettes smoked per day	0–10	1501	46.6	1714	55.9	29.28	3	<.001
	11–20	1512	47.0	1141	37.2
	21–30	122	3.8	141	4.6
	31+	85	2.6	71	2.3
	Mean (SD)	13.6 (8.2)		12.7 (8.4)		3.57	1, 49	.065
FM vs. RYO	FM	2679	83.2	1458	47.5	85.27	2	<.001
	Both	286	8.9	618	20.2
	RYO	255	7.9	991	32.3
Cohort	Wave 1 (2005)	1892	58.8	1989	64.8
	Wave 2 (2006/2007)	640	19.9	499	16.3	1.48	2	.476
	Wave 3 (2008)	688	21.4	579	18.9

Note. FM = factory-made cigarettes; RYO = roll-your-own cigarettes.

^aResults are unweighted but the survey design was accounted for in the analysis. All tests are the Rao–Scott χ² test unless otherwise indicated.

^bPearson χ² statistic corrected for the survey design and converted into an F-statistic.