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The group EO unit is modified by phage genes that result in either glucosylation, O-acetylation, or a different O-unit polymerisation linkage being produced. The moieties undergoing change are circled and the differences define the 4 known group E structural variants: E1, E2, E3 and E4. The e15 and e34 phage are well known and modification to form an E4 variant is thought to be carried out by a P22-like phage (see text for details).
