Table 2. Association between length of exposure to antiretroviral drugs ever used and LDUO.

			Development of LDUO during the study
			No (n = 177)	Yes (n = 15)	P	No (n = 177)	Yes (n = 15)	P
			Drug Used, no. (%)			Time (years), mean (SD)
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
ABC		Yes	45 (25.4)	5 (33.3)	0.50	4.1 (2.6)	5.24 (2.6)	0.40
		No	132 (74.6)	10 (66.7)
3TC		Yes	73 (41.2)	8 (53.3)	0.36	7.73 (4.01)	5.75 (3.64)	0.15
		No	104 (58.8)	7 (46.7)
FTC		Yes	90 (50.8)	9 (60)	0.49	2.74 (1.48)	2.26 (1.13)	0.25
		No	87 (49.2)	6 (40)
TDF		Yes	100 (56.5)	6 (40)	0.79	3.69 (2.2)	2.99 (1.91)	0.24
		No	77 (43.5)	9 (60)
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
EFV	Yes		59 (33.3)	3 (20)	0.28	5.68 (3.22)	2.93 (2.4)	0.1
	No		118 (66·7)	12 (80)
ETV	Yes		7 (3.9)	0	0.43	1.88 (1.07)
	No		170 (96.1)	15 (100)
NVP	Yes		18 (11.3)	1 (6.6)	0.66	5.42 (3.9)	3 (0.122)	0.24
	No		159 (88.7)	14 (93.4)
Protease Inhibitors *
ATV	Yes		30 (16.9)	4 (26.6)	0.34	3.35 (2.03)	2.87 (0.405)	0.64
	No		147 (83.1)	11 (73.4)
DRV	Yes		19 (10.7)	2 (13.3)	0.75	3.44 (3.65)	3.2 (2.89)	0.91
	No		158 (89.3)	13 (86.7)
SQV	Yes		15 (8.5)	3 (20)	0.14	4.83 (3.4)	4.55 (1.82)	0.89
	No		162 (91.5)	12 (80)
LPV	Yes		46 (25.9)	6 (40)	0.24	4.22 (2.67)	3.12 (1.38)	0.16
	No		131 (74.1)	9 (60)
CCR5 co-receptor antagonist
MVC	Yes		5 (2.8)	0	0.51	1.56 (1.16)
	No		172 (97.2)	15 (100)
Integrase Inhibitor
RAL	Yes		20 (11.3)	2 (13.3)	0.81	1.78 (0.8)	1.82 (0.13)	0.84
	No		157 (88.7)	13 (86.7)

Abbreviations: liver damage of unknown origin (LDUO), standard deviation (SD), Abacavir (ABC), lamivudine (3TC), emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir (TDF), efavirenz (EFV), etravirine (ETV), nevirapine (NVP), atazanavir (ATV), darunavir (DRV) saquinavir (SQV), lopinavir (LPV), maraviroc (MVC), raltegravir (RAL).

^*All protease inhibitors were boosted with ritonavir (100 mg).