Table 1.

Time-line and Major Stages of Commercial Development of NXG059 for Stroke

1985 – 88	Extensive studies on brain ischemia/perfusion insult (IRI) in gerbils
	Demonstrated salicylate trapping of hydroxyl free radicals in brain IRI
	Established time dependent IRI-mediated brain damage in hippocampus and forebrain
1988	Basic discovery that PBN protected in experimental stroke-Dec 1988
	Discovery patented, basic studies continued, made many attempts to license to companies
1992–1993	Centaur Pharmaceutical, Inc. founded March 1992
	Angel investments made possible, CEO hired
	Company hires employees, begins to conduct experiments to add value
	Explores extent of intellectual property and revise patents for commercial development
1995	Centaur and Astra make co-development relationship – June 1995
	Ramp-up studies in stroke, medicinal chemistry for other indications
1996	NXY059 chosen as candidate drug for stroke
1996 – 2002	NXY059 undergoes extensive toxicology and tested in several clinical phase I and 2 trials
2002 lead	Renovis, Inc buys Centaur assets and moves clinical trials forward with AstraZeneca taking
2003	NXY059 Phase 3 SAINT-1 efficacy trial began in May 2003
2005	SAINT-1 trial shows efficacy in 1700 patients – May 2005
	SAINT-2 trial begins for 3200 patients – July 2005
2006	Analysis of combined SAINT-1 and SAINT-2 trials showed NXY059 not effective- Oct 2006