Table 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics by Self-Reported Physical Functioning
| Overall (N=352) | Low (N=50) | Moderate-High (N=302) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at heart failure onset (years) | 76 (65-83) | 76 (66-84) | 76 (64-83) | 0.52 |
| Male | 209 (59.4) | 23 (46.0) | 186 (61.6) | 0.04 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.9 (26.2-34.8) | 31.1 (27.8-36.4) | 29.7 (26.0-34.5) | 0.12 |
| Current smoking status | 28 (8.0) | 3 (6.0) | 25 (8.3) | 0.78 |
| Married | 215 (61.1) | 27 (54.0) | 188 (62.3) | 0.27 |
| >High school education | 164 (48.0) | 18 (37.5) | 146 (50.0) | 0.18 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 3 (2-5) | 5 (3-7) | 3 (2-5) | <0.001 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 57.8 (22.7) | 54.5 (27.2) | 58.3 (21.9) | 0.30 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 140 (138-142) | 140 (138-142.6) | 140 (138-142) | 0.61 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 285 (81.0) | 41 (82.0) | 244 (80.8) | 0.84 |
| Hypertension | 318 (90.3) | 48 (96.0) | 270 (89.4) | 0.20 |
| Diabetes | 132 (37.5) | 24 (48.0) | 108 (35.9) | 0.10 |
| Myocardial infarction | 92 (26.1) | 17 (34.0) | 75 (24.8) | 0.17 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 90 (25.6) | 19 (38.0) | 71 (23.5) | 0.03 |
| Depression | 135 (38.4) | 26 (52.0) | 109 (36.1) | 0.03 |
| Ejection fraction <50% | 192 (54.5) | 23 (46.0) | 169 (56.0) | 0.19 |
| Prevalent heart failure | 199 (56.5) | 34 (68.0) | 165 (54.6) | 0.08 |
| Beta blockers | 293 (83.2) | 43 (86.0) | 250 (82.8) | 0.57 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers | 240 (68.2) | 31 (62.0) | 209 (69.2) | 0.31 |
| Statins | 206 (58.5) | 29 (58.0) | 177 (58.6) | 0.94 |
Values are mean (SD) or median (25th, 75th percentile) for continuous variables and N (%) for categorical variables.