Table 1.
Characteristics of Population-Based Studies Examining Stress in Women in the Early Life, Preconception, or Pregnancy Periods in Relation to Obstetric Outcomes (Studies from Year 2000 to Present)
| Population-Based Studies | ||
|---|---|---|
| N | % | |
| Total | 13 | |
| Study Characteristics | ||
| Conducted in a United States Population | 6 | 46.2% |
| Period Measured | ||
| Preconception Only | 0 | 0.0% |
| Pregnancy Only | 10 | 76.9% |
| Both Preconception and Pregnancya | 3 | 23.1% |
| Domain Measured | ||
| Environmental Only | 9 | 69.2% |
| Psychological Only | 2 | 15.4% |
| Biological Only | 0 | 0.0% |
| Both Environmental and Psychological | 2 | 15.4% |
| All Domains | 0 | 0.0% |
a
Could include a single measure that encompassed both periods, or multiple period-specific measures