Table 4.
Multivariate analyses for the effects of asthma control and daytime sleepiness† on asthma-specific health-related quality of life.‡
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | B (SE) | 95% CI | |
| Asthma control | 6.85 (1.28) *** | (4.32, 9.38) | ||||||||||
| Sleep in school | 0.12 (0.03)** | (0.06, 0.19) | 0.07 (0.04)* | (0.00, 0.15) | ||||||||
| Awake in school | 0.03 (0.03) | (−0.03, 0.09) | 0.00 (0.03) | (−0.07, 0.05) | ||||||||
| Sleep in evening | 0.12 (0.03)** | (0.06, 0.18) | 0.07 (0.03)* | (0.00, 0.14) | ||||||||
| Sleep during transport | 0.10 (0.03)** | (0.04, 0.16) | 0.05 (0.03) | (−0.01, 0.11) | ||||||||
| Child’s age | 0.09 (0.28) | (−0.46, 0.64) | −0.10 (0.29) | (−0.68, 0.47) | −0.05 (0.30) | (−0.65, 0.55) | −0.20 (0.30) | (−0.78, 0.49) | −0.01 (0.29) | (−0.58, 0.57) | −0.16 (0.29) | (−0.73, 0.41) |
| Child’s gender (boy) | ||||||||||||
| Girl | 1.83 (1.31) | (−0.76, 4.42) | 2.37 (1.39) | (−0.38, 5.11) | 1.79(1.44) | (−1.06, 4.64) | 1.16 (1.38) | (−1.57, 3.90) | 1.31 (1.39) | (−1.44, 4.05) | 1.53(1.38) | (−1.21, 4.27) |
| Parents’ age | 0.01 (0.07) | (−0.14, 0.16) | 0.02 (0.08) | (−0.14, 0.17) | 0.02 (0.08) | (−0.15, 0.18) | −0.01 (0.08) | (−0.16, 0.15) | 0.00 (0.08) | (−0.15, 0.16) | 0.00 (0.08) | (−0.16, 0.15) |
| Parents’ race/ ethnicity (not white) | ||||||||||||
| White | 1.95 (1.56) | (−1.12, 5.03) | 2.17 (1.65) | (−1.09, 5.42) | 1.25 (1.70) | (−2.11, 4.61) | 1.79 (1.63) | (−1.43, 5.01) | 1.57 (1.64) | (−1.66, 4.80) | 2.29 (1.61) | (−0.89, 5.48) |
| Education (college degree or above) | ||||||||||||
| Below high school | 3.72 (2.55) | (−1.32, 8.75) | 2.33 (2.67) | (−2.94, 7.61) | 2.74 (2.79) | (−2.77, 8.25) | 2.44 (2.66) | (−2.82, 7.71) | 1.98 (2.69) | (−3.33, 7.29) | 1.91 (2.62) | (−3.27, 7.09) |
| High school or general educational development | 1.99 (2.19) | (−2.34, 6.32) | 0.27 (2.34) | (−4.37, 4.90) | 2.07 (2.40) | (−2.68, 6.81) | 0.94 (2.31) | (−3.62, 5.51) | 0.18 (2.36) | (−4.49, 4.85) | −0.59 (2.33) | (−5.19, 4.01) |
| Some college/associate degree | 2.25 (1.86) | (−1.43, 5.92) | 1.40 (1.96) | (−2.48, 5.28) | 1.94 (2.05) | (−2.12, 6.00) | 1.55 (1.95) | (−2.31, 5.41) | 1.05 (1.98) | (−2.87, 4.97) | 0.88 (1.94) | (−2.95, 4.71) |
| Family income (<$10,000) | ||||||||||||
| $10,000–$29,999 | 4.58 (1.83)* | (0.96, 8.19) | 4.57 (1.92)* | (0.77, 8.37) | 4.52 (2.01)* | (0.55, 8.49) | 5.01 (1.92)* | (1.21, 8.81) | 4.66 (1.92)* | (0.85, 8.48) | 4.92 (1.88)** | (1.20, 8.65) |
| $30,000–$59,999 | 5.11 (2.11)* | (0.93, 9.29) | 4.43 (2.22)* | (0.04, 8.81) | 4.80 (2.32)* | (0.22, 9.38) | 4.63 (2.21)* | (0.26, 9.00) | 5.09 (2.23)* | (0.69, 9.50) | 4.64 (2.18)* | (0.34, 8.94) |
| >$60,000 | 3.08 (2.79) | (−2.43, 8.59) | 0.18 (2.96) | (−5.68, 6.03) | 1.83 (3.06) | (−4.21, 7.88) | 1.89 (2.91) | (−3.86, 7.64) | 1.83 (2.93) | (−3.95, 7.62) | 0.81 (2.90) | (−4.93, 6.55) |
Abbreviations: SE, standard error of the mean; CI, confidence interval.
*
P<.05;
**
P<.01;
***
P<.001.
†
Higher scores indicate greater daytime sleepiness.
‡
Higher scores indicate worse asthma-specific health-related quality of life.