Figure 2. Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PVAX nanoparticles in vitro.

(a) Sensitivity of chemiluminescent PVAX nanoparticles to H₂O₂. (b) Scavenging of H₂O₂ by PVAX nanoparticles. *, P < 0.01 versus Control; **, P < 0.01 versus VA, N = 4/group. (c) Inhibition of ROS generation by PVAX in PMA-stimulated macrophages. (d) Comparison in antioxidant activity of PVAX and POX. (e) Cytotoxicity of PVAX nanoparticles determined by MTT assay. VA = vanillyl alcohol. N = 4/group. (f) Anti-inflammatory activity of PVAX in LPS-stimulated macrophages. (g) Anti-apoptotic property of PVAX in H₂O₂-stimulated macrophages.