Table 1.
Maternal characteristics by prenatal antipsychotic use status, the Medication Exposure in Pregnancy Risk Evaluation Program, 2001–2007a
| Characteristics | Deliveries with atypical antipsychotic use |
Deliveries with typical antipsychotic use |
Deliveries with typical antipsychotic use including prochlorperazine and promethazine |
Deliveries with no Antipsychotic use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
|
Total deliveries Maternal age at delivery (years) |
4,223 (100) | 548 (100) | 68,946 (100) | 514,782 (100) |
| <18 | 303 (7.2) | 10 (1.8) | 3,775 (5.5) | 15,772 (3.1) |
| 18–24 | 1,656 (39.2) | 192 (35.0) | 32,537 (47.2) | 117,838(22.9) |
| 25–34 | 1,756 (41.6) | 244 (44.5) | 27,051 (39.2) | 279,629 (54.3) |
| 35–45 | 508 (12.0) | 102 (18.6) | 5,583 (8.1) | 101,543 (19.7) |
| Calendar year of delivery | ||||
| 2001 | 264 (6.3) | 90 (16.4) | 8,432 (12.2) | 70,954 (13.8) |
| 2002 | 452 (10.7) | 72 (13.1) | 9,384 (13.6) | 74,064 (14.4) |
| 2003 | 555 (13.1) | 79 (14.4) | 9,345 (13.6) | 74,441 (14.5) |
| 2004 | 714 (16.9) | 75 (13.7) | 9,638 (14.0) | 73,106 (14.2) |
| 2005 | 794 (18.8) | 69 (12.6) | 10,335 (15.0) | 72,596 (14.1) |
| 2006 | 736 (17.4) | 83 (15.1) | 10,730 (15.6) | 74,676 (14.5) |
| 2007 | 708 (16.8) | 80 (14.6) | 11,082 (16.1) | 74,945(14.6) |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 2,967 (70.2) | 292 (53.3) | 39,991 (58.0) | 241,717 (47.0) |
| Black/African American | 911 (21.6) | 185 (33.8) | 18,536 (26.9) | 75,282 (14.6) |
| Asian American | 63 (1.5) | 16 (2.9) | 2,774 (4.0) | 61,104 (11.9) |
| Hispanic | 232 (5.5) | 47 (8.6) | 6,792 (9.9) | 122,944 (23.9) |
| Native American | 19 (0.4) | <5 (0.7) | 213 (0.3) | 1,532 (0.3) |
| Other | 14 (0.3) | <5 (0.4) | 187 (0.3) | 3,080 (0.6) |
| Unknown | 18 (0.4) | <5 (0.4) | 453 (0.7) | 9,123 (1.8) |
| Maternal education level (years) | ||||
| ≤12 | 3,108 (73.6) | 369 (67.3) | 46,139 (66.9) | 203,000 (39.4) |
| >12 | 1,036 (24.5) | 169 (30.8) | 21,301 (30.9) | 287,110 (55.7) |
| Unknown | 80 (1.9) | 10 (1.8) | 1,506 (2.2) | 24,672 (4.8) |
| Maternal marital status | ||||
| Married | 1,313 (31.1) | 164 (29.9) | 21,165 (30.7) | 137,718 (26.8) |
| Not married | 2,245 (53.1) | 251 (45.8) | 31,894 (46.3) | 78,091 (15.2) |
| Unknown | 666 (15.8) | 133 (24.3) | 15,887 (23.0) | 298,973 (58.0) |
| Smoked during pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 1,533 (36.3) | 141 (25.7) | 14,630 (21.2) | 29,651 (5.8) |
| No | 1,313 (31.1) | 211 (38.5) | 28,947 (42.0) | 223,154 (43.3) |
| Unknown | 1,378 (32.6) | 196 (35.8) | 25,369 (36.8) | 261,977 (50.9) |
| Alcohol intake during pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 46 (1.1) | 13 (2.4) | 386 (0.6) | 4,192 (0.8) |
| No | 1,108 (26.2) | 172 (31.4) | 22,123 (32.1) | 91,108 (17.7) |
| Unknown | 3,070 (72.7) | 363 (66.2) | 46,437 (67.4) | 419,482 (81.5) |
a
Antipsychotic exposure status was determined during the period from 60 days preceding pregnancy through delivery, it was not mutually exclusive (e.g., deliveries with both atypical and typical antipsychotic exposure would be included in both groups).