Table 1.

Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease Compared With Older Adults Included in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials With Cardiovascular Disease Compared With Older Adults Included in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials

Stable coronary heart disease
Population	Coronary heart disease prevalence	29% age >75 yrs (3)
Clinical trials	“Comparison of the Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis for Two High Efficacy Statin Regimens With Different HDL Effects: SATURN Study Results” (4)	Excluded subjects age >75 yrs
	“Lipid-Modulating Effects of Evacetrapib, a Novel CETP Inhibitor, Administered as Monotherapy or in Combination With the Most Commonly-Used Statins” (5)	Mean age 56 yrs
	“Extended-Release Niacin Does Not Reduce Clinical Events in Patients With Established Cardiovascular Disease Whose LDL-Cholesterol is Optimally Controlled With Statin Therapy: Results From the AIM-HIGH Trial” (6)	Mean age 64 yrs
	“ELEVATE-TIMI 56: Escalating Clopidogrel by Involving a Genetic Strategy-TIMI 56” (7)	Excluded subjects age >75 yrs
	“Practice-Based Opportunities for Weight Reduction (POWER)” (8)	Mean age 54 yrs
Acute coronary syndromes
Population	Incident heart attacks	45% age >75 yrs (9)
Clinical trials	“Intracoronary Compared With Intravenous Bolus Abciximab Application During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: AIDA STEMI Trial” (source: presentation slides)	18% age ≥75 yrs
	“Abciximab Plus Unfractionated Heparin Versus Bivalirudin in Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. The ISAR-REACT 4 Randomized Trial” (10)	Excluded subjects age >80 yrs
	“The Thrombin Receptor Antagonist for Clinical Event Reduction in Acute Coronary Syndrome (TRA*CER) Trial” (11)	17% age ≥75 yrs
	“Anti-Xa Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events in Addition to Standard Therapy in Subjects With Acute Coronary Syndrome-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 51 (ATLAS ACS 2-TIMI 51) Trial: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Acute Coronary Syndrome” (12)	9% age ≥75 yrs
	“The Impact of Full Coverage for Preventive Medications After Myocardial Infarction on Recurrent Vascular Events: The Post-MI Free Rx Event and Economic Evaluation (Post-MI FREEE) Trial” (13)	Excluded subjects age ≥65 yrs
Chronic heart failure
Population	Incident heart failure	23% age ≥ 80 yrs (14)
Clinical trials	“Effect of Cardiac Stem Cells in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Interim Results of the SCIPIO Trial” (15)	Excluded subjects age >75 yrs
	“Double Blind Placebo Controlled Dose Ranging Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Celivarone 50, 100 or 300 mg OD With Amiodarone as Calibrator for the Prevention of ICD Interventions or Death (ALPHEE)” (16)	Mean age 64 yrs
	“Pharmacist Intervention to Prevent Hospitalization and Death in Patients With Heart Failure: A Prospective Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial” (17)	55% of subjects age ≥70 yrs
Atrial fibrillation
Population	Atrial fibrillation prevalence	37% age ≥80 yrs (18)
Clinical trials	“Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation Versus Surgical Ablation Treatment: A multi-Center Randomized Clinical Trial” (19)	Excluded subjects age >70 yrs
	“A Randomized Multicenter Comparison of Radiofrequency Ablation and Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy as First-Line Treatment in 294 Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation” (source: presentation slides)	Excluded subjects age >70 yrs
	“The Results of the PALLAS Study: PALLAS Was Designed to Test Whether Dronedarone Could Reduce Major Vascular Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Permanent Atrial Fibrillation and Previous Vascular Disease or Multiple Risk Factors” (20)	Enrolled subjects age ≥65 yrs, 52% age ≥75 yrs
Cardiac surgery and intervention
Population	Cardiac procedures	52% age >65 yrs (9)
	Percutaneous coronary intervention	26% age ≥75 yrs (21)
Clinical trials	“Randomized Trial of Early Surgery Versus Conventional Treatment for Infective Endocarditis (EASE)” (source: presentation slides)	Excluded subjects age >80 yrs
	“Colchicine Reduces Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation. Results of the COPPS Atrial Fibrillation Study” (22)	Mean age 66 yrs
	“Testing an Evidence-Based, Individualized Informed Consent Form to Improve Patients’ Experiences With PCI” (source: presentation slides)	No information available
	“Outcomes of Non-Primary PCI at Hospitals With and Without On-Site Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Study” (source: presentation slides)	Mean age 64 yrs
Peripheral vascular disease
Population	Peripheral artery disease prevalence	57% age >70 yrs (23)
	Incident venous thromboembolism	26% age ≥75 yrs (24)
Clinical trials	“Claudication Treatment Comparative Effectiveness: 6 Month Outcomes From the CLEVER Study” (source: presentation slides)	Mean age 64 yrs
	“Extended Anticoagulant Prophylaxis in Initially Hospitalized Medically Ill Patients: Results of the ADOPT (Apixaban Dosing to Optimize Protection From Thrombosis) Trial” (25)	30% age ≥75 yrs

AIDA STEMI = Abciximab Intracoronary Versus Intravenously Drug Application in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction; AIM-HIGH = Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health; CETP = cholesterol ester transfer protein; CLEVER = Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization; COPPS = Colchicine for Prevention of the Postpericardiotomy Syndrome; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; ISAR-REACT 4 = Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen: Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment 4; MI = myocardial infarction; OD = once daily; PALLAS = Permanent Atrial Fibrillation Outcome Study Using Dronedarone on Top of Standard Therapy; SATURN = Study of Coronary Atheroma by Intravascular Ultrasound: Effect of Rosuvastatin Versus Atorvastatin; SCIPIO = Stem Cell Infusion in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.