TABLE 1.
Characteristics of 302 Patients With Cryptococcosis at UAB, 1996–2010
| Characteristics | HIV N = 108 (%) | OTR N = 84 (%) | NHNT N = 110 (%) | P Value | Total Cohort N = 302 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (± SD), years | 39 (9.8) | 54 (11.9) | 56 (15.3) | <0.001 | 49 (12.6) |
| Male gender (%) | 84 (78) | 52 (62) | 67 (61) | 0.012 | 203 (67) |
| Caucasian (%) | 23 (21) | 66 (79) | 83 (75) | <0.001 | 172 (57) |
| African American (%) | 83 (77) | 18 (22) | 22 (20) | <0.001 | 123 (41) |
| Mean TTD, days | 22 | 26 | 68 | <0.001 | 40 |
| Transplant type (%) | |||||
| Kidney | 0 (0) | 46 (55) | n/a | n/a | 46 (15) |
| Liver | 0 (0) | 17 (20) | n/a | n/a | 17 (6) |
| Heart | 0 (0) | 15 (18) | n/a | n/a | 15 (5) |
| Lung | 0 (0) | 9 (11) | n/a | n/a | 9 (3) |
| Pancreas | 0 (0) | 5 (6) | n/a | n/a | 5 (2) |
| HSCT | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | n/a | n/a | 2 (0.7) |
| Underlying disease (%) | |||||
| None | n/a | n/a | 39 (36) | n/a | 39 (13) |
| Steroids | 0 (0) | 73 (88) | 27 (25) | <0.001 | 100 (33) |
| Renal Insufficiency/ESRD | 3 (3) | 36 (43) | 7 (6) | <0.001 | 46 (15) |
| Cancer | 1 (1) | 5 (6) | 31 (28) | <0.001 | 37 (12) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (4) | 21 (25) | 13 (12) | <0.001 | 38 (13) |
| Rheumatologic disease | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 7 (6) | 0.008 | 8 (3) |
| Cirrhosis | 0 (0) | 11 (13) | 5 (5) | <0.001 | 16 (5) |
| Site of infection (%) | |||||
| CNS | 95 (88) | 50 (60) | 55 (50) | <0.001 | 200 (66) |
| Bloodstream | 47 (44) | 23 (28) | 26 (24) | 0.005 | 96 (32) |
| Pulmonary | 13 (12) | 31 (37) | 44 (40) | <0.001 | 88 (29) |
| Cutaneous | 4 (4) | 8 (10) | 2 (2) | 0.033 | 14 (5) |
| Bone and joint | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 0.388 | 3 (1) |
| Soft tissue | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.251 | 3 (1) |
| Clinical presentation (%) | |||||
| Fever | 44 (41) | 33 (40) | 31 (28) | 0.119 | 108 (36) |
| Malaise | 23 (21) | 25 (30) | 26 (24) | 0.363 | 74 (25) |
| Weight loss | 26 (24) | 11 (13) | 19 (17) | 0.150 | 56 (19) |
| Headache | 71 (66) | 36 (43) | 44 (40) | <0.001 | 151 (50) |
| Altered mental status | 43 (40) | 25 (30) | 27 (25) | 0.039 | 95 (31) |
| Visual changes | 24 (22) | 5 (6) | 13 (12) | 0.004 | 42 (14) |
| Cranial nerve palsy | 9 (8) | 3 (4) | 9 (8) | 0.364 | 21 (7) |
| Cough | 15 (14) | 20 (24) | 25 (23) | 0.137 | 60 (20) |
| Dyspnea | 9 (8) | 16 (19) | 30 (28) | 0.001 | 55 (18) |
| Diagnostics (%) | |||||
| Serum CrAg ≥ 1:512 | 40 (37) | 24 (29) | 16 (15) | 0.001 | 80 (27) |
| CSF CrAg ≥ 1:512 | 40 (37) | 17 (20) | 20 (18) | 0.003 | 77 (26) |
| CSF OP 25 cm H2O | 38 (35) | 11 (13) | 13 (12) | <0.001 | 62 (21) |
| Mortality (%) | |||||
| 90-day mortality | 20 (19) | 14 (17) | 29 (27) | 0.190 | 63 (21) |
| 1-year mortality | 28 (26) | 20 (24) | 38 (35) | 0.193 | 86 (28) |
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OTR, organ transplant recipient; NHNT, non-HIV, non-transplant; TTD, time to diagnosis; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; CNS, central nervous system; CrAg, cryptococcal antigen; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; OP, opening pressure.