Table 1.
Summary of the effects of different experiences that elevate glucocorticoids on cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and cell survival in the dentate gyrus. In general, stressful aversive experiences like social defeat, physical restraint and fox odor exposure, have a suppressive effect on adult neurogenesis, while rewarding experiences like running, environmental enrichment, and sexual experience exert a stimulatory effect on adult neurogenesis.
| Experience | Cell Proliferation | Neuron Differentiation | Neuron Survival |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Social Defeat | Decrease (tree shrew; mamoset) | NA | Decrease (rat) |
| Chronic Social Defeat | Decrease (tree shrew; rat; mouse) | Decrease (mouse) | Decrease (tree shrew; rat) |
| Acute Predator Odor | Decrease (rat: male) No change (rat: female) |
NA | NA |
| Acute Physical Restraint | Decrease (rat) No Change (rat) Increase (mouse) |
NA | NA |
| Chronic Physical Restraint | Decrease (rat) No Change (rat) |
NA | Decrease (rat) Increase (mouse) |
| Acute Electric Shock | Decrease (rat) | NA | NA |
| Chronic Electric Shock | Decrease (rat) | Decrease (rat) | Decrease (rat: male) Increase (rat: female) |
| Difficult Learning Paradigm | Decrease (rat) No Change (rat) |
NA | Decrease (rat) |
| Chronic Multiple Mild Stress | Decrease (rat) | Decrease (rat) | Decrease (rat) |
| Running | Increase (rat; mouse) | Increase (rat; mouse) | Increase (rat; mouse) |
| Environmental Enrichment | Increase (rat; mouse) | Increase (rat; mouse) | Increase (rat; mouse) |
| Sexual Experience | Increase (rat) | NA | Increase (rat) |