Microarchitecture of the lymph node and expression of PD-1 in tissues post SIV infection. (a,b) Representative Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of lymph node sections from a normal (top left, a) and SIV-infected macaque (top right, b; 3 months p.i). Scale bar=100μm. (c and d) Representative PD-1 expression in lymph node of a normal (c) and SIV-infected macaque (d) demonstrating markedly expanded populations of PD-1+ cells in follicular regions after SIV infection (brown). Scale bar = 50 μm. (e) Lymph node from a representative normal macaque showing distribution of B cells (CD20+; red), macrophages (CD68+; blue) in relation to normal PD-1 expression within B cell zones and germinal centers (inset shown in Figure to the right as indicated). (f) Lymph node from a chronically infected macaque (3 mos) showing markedly expanded germinal centers and increased PD-1 expressing cells specifically within germinal centers. Note that PD-1 is expressed only on cells with a lymphocyte morphology and not on B cells or macrophages/DC. Colors indicate B cells (CD20+ red); macrophages (CD68+, blue) and PD-1 (green).