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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012 Jan 10;8(2):110–121. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2011.213

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Pathological findings in renal biopsy samples taken 0–3 days after transplantation. a | Acute tubular injury, with loss of brush borders and nuclei in proximal tubules (arrow) and little infiltrate. These findings also persist beyond 3 days after transplantation in patients with delayed graft function. b | Hyperacute rejection, with neutrophils in glomerular capillaries (arrow). The inset image shows foci of C4d deposition (red staining) in some peritubular capillaries (arrow), but not others (asterisk). c | Acute tubulopathy resulting from the toxic effects of calcineurin inhibitors, with characteristic isometric vacuolization (arrow). This complication can occur at any time after transplantation. d | Urine leaks that cause obstruction typically demonstrate only a focal infiltrate (arrow), but can mimic acute cellular rejection. Permission obtained from Amirsys © Colvin, R. B. et al. Diagnostic Pathology: Kidney Diseases (Salt Lake City, 2011).