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(A) Top-down view of observer (body width, W) moving straight ahead and an object (black circle) moving from left to right. z and x correspond to the positions of the observer (subscript o) and moving object (subscript m), respectively. t corresponds to the current time and t* corresponds to the time at which the leading edge of the obstacle reaches the left side of the locomotor path. (B) Illustration of optical angles used in Equations 1–8.
