NV-N-R5-1 phage detection of NoV in stool suspensions from infected volunteers. Stool samples were collected from persons with and without NV infection. NV-positive, NoV-negative, or 100 ng of NV VLP in NoV-negative stool or buffer (x axis) was serially diluted to the indicated concentrations and then captured by immobilized NV polyclonal antibody. Binding was tested for M13KE control phage, NV polyclonal antibody, or NV-N-R5-1 phage. The color key indicates dilutions of the M13KE control, NV antibody, and NV-N-R5-1 samples.