TABLE 2.

Echocardiographic characteristics

Variable	Combined circumferential and longitudinal dysfunction (n=66)	No combined dysfunction (n=320)	P	Total study population (n=386)
LV EDD, mL/m2	2.7±0.4	2.6±0.3	0.01	2.6±0.3
LV ESD, mL/m2	1.8±0.4	1.5±0.3	<0.001	1.6±0.3
LV EDV, mL/m2	57±20	51±13	<0.001	52±15
LV ESV, mL/m2	25±14	19±6	<0.001	20±8
Relative wall thickness	0.44±0.08	0.42±0.08	0.04	0.43±0.08
Concentric LV geometry, %	59	44	0.02	47
LV mass index, g/m2.7	54±12	47±12	<0.001	48±12
LV hypertrophy, %	70	45	<0.001	49
LV stroke volume, mL	60±17	61±19	NS	61±18
LV stroke work, mmHg/mL	123±42	122±41	NS	122±42
Cardiac index, L/min/m2	2.3±0.6	2.3±0.6	NS	2.3±0.6
LV ejection fraction, %	59±9	63±6	<0.001	62±7
LV CESS, dynes/cm2	127±48	106±32	<0.001	110±36
LV midwall shortening, %	14.3±2.1	17.8±2.6	<0.001	17.2±2.9
LV Sc- midwall shortening, %	76.5±10.6	94.4±13.3	<0.001	91.4±14.6
Peak S′, cm/s	7.3±1.1	10.2±1.9	<0.001	9.7±2.1
Peak E′, cm/s	7.6±1.9	9.3±2.3	<0.001	9.0±2.3
E wave of transmitral flow, cm/s	67.4±21.8	66.8±19.3	NS	66.9±19.7
A wave of transmitral flow, cm/s	78.6±24.9	80.5±20.1	NS	80.3±20.8
E/A ratio	0.85±0.45	0.84±0.31	<0.0001	0.84±0.33
E/E′ ratio	9.4±4.1	7.5±2.7	<0.0001	7.8±3.1
LV diastolic dysfunction, %	56	39	<0.0001	42
Grade I	39	34		35
Grade II	6	3		4
Grade III	11	2		3
PCWP, mmHg	13.6±5.1	11.2±3.4	<0.0001	11.6±3.8
Maximal left atrial volume, mL/m2	24.9±7.6	22.4±8.7	0.03	22.8±8.6
Mitral valve calcification, %	53	23	<0.0001	28
Aortic valve sclerosis, %	52	33	0.004	36

Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. CESS Circumferential end-systolic stress; EDD End-diastolic diameter; EDV End-diastolic volume; ESD: end-systolic diameter; ESV End-systolic volume; LV Left ventricular; NS Not statistically significant; Peak E′ Peak early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity of mitral annulus; Peak S′ Peak mitral annular systolic velocity (tissue Doppler imaging); PCWP Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; Sc Stress corrected