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UPR is activated in Dmm/+ animals. BiP levels were elevated 1.66-fold in Dmm/+ (n=11) compared to wildtype (n=8) newborn knee articular cartilage (p=0.01). In addition, the ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated eIF2α was increased 4.3-fold in Dmm/+ mice knee articular cartilage (n=6) compared to wildtype (n=5) (p<0.05). The lower panel shows representative western blots for each antibody.
