Table 3.
Associations of socio-demographic factors with lifetime PTSD in the South Africa Stress and Health Study (N = 4315)
| Variable | Lifetime trauma exposure OR (OR range) |
Lifetime PTSD OR (OR range) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Among total sample | Among those with events | Among those with events, Controlling for events | ||
|
Gender | ||||
| Male |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Female |
1.03 (0.84-1.26) |
1.24 (0.56-2.76) |
0.53 (0.12-2.30) |
0.84 (0.34-2.04) |
|
Age | ||||
| 18 - 29 |
0.89 (0.64-1.25) |
1.24(0.39-3.90) |
0.76 (0.14-4.27) |
1.70 (0.35-8.26) |
| 30 - 44 |
1.04 (0.72-1.5) |
1.62 (0.60-4.39) |
0.59 (0.11-3.08) |
0.83 (0.15-4.69) |
| 45 - 59 |
1.22 (0.89-1.67) |
1.69 (0.69-4.15) |
0.51 (0.12-2.09 |
0.91 (0.25-3.36) |
| 60+ |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Marital status | ||||
| Married |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Previously married |
1.35 (0.85-2.14) |
2.71 (1.16-6.35)* |
0.36 (0.09-1.36) |
0.47 (0.10-2.28) |
| Never married |
0.85 (0.67-1.08) |
0.74 (0.33-1.66) |
0.80 (0.30-2.14) |
0.66 (0.20-2.16) |
|
Education level | ||||
| Low |
0.59 (0.38-0.94) |
0.47 (0.18-1.23) |
0.71 (0.10-4.92) |
0.68 (0.10-4.92) |
| Low-average |
0.72 (0.48-1.06) |
0.70 (0.38-1.26) |
3.16 (0.66-15.19) |
1.92 (0.65-5.66) |
| High-average |
0.85 (0.65-1.12) |
0.55 (0.29-1.06) |
0.76 (0.22-2.64) |
0.31 (0.08-1.23) |
| High |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Employment | ||||
| Employed |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Homemaker |
0.65 (0.49-0.86)* |
1.00 (0.40-2.52) |
1.15 (0.29-4.58) |
0.92 (0.26-3.24) |
| Retired |
0.87 (0.54-1.39) |
2.33 (0.89-6.09) |
11.97 (4.00-35.82)* |
9.18 (2.62-32.20)* |
| Other |
0.86 (0.67-1.10) |
1.14 (0.70-1.87) |
1.23 (0.56-2.72) |
1.06 (0.50-2.24) |
|
Race | ||||
| White |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Black |
1.32 (0.81-2.16) |
0.70 (0.29-1.68) |
0.36 (0.10-1.28) |
0.60 (0.23-1.61) |
| Colored |
0.73 (0.42-1.25) |
0.90 (0.50-1.62) |
0.76 (0.14-4.01) |
0.79 (0.21-3.06) |
| Indian |
1.35 (0.69-2.62) |
0.07 (0.01-0.57)* |
0.01 (0.00-0.09)* |
0.02 (0.00-0.19)* |
| Other |
1.17 (0.51-2.71) |
0.95 (0.22-4.09) |
0.61 (0.04-9.16) |
1.23 (0.18-8.41) |
|
PTE classes | ||||
| War events |
- |
- |
- |
2.40 (0.32-18.06) |
| Physical violence |
- |
- |
- |
0.68 (0.23-2.00) |
| Sexual violence |
- |
- |
- |
0.74 (0.08-7.32) |
| Accident |
- |
- |
- |
1.43 (0.31-6.55) |
| Death |
- |
- |
- |
1.00 |
| Network events |
- |
- |
- |
0.38 (0.06-2.32) |
| Witnessing |
- |
- |
- |
3.56 (0.53-24.03) |
| Other or private |
- |
- |
- |
0.74 (0.09-6.40) |
|
Count of prior PTEs | ||||
| Prior war events |
- |
- |
- |
0.58 (0.29-1.15) |
| Prior physical violence |
- |
- |
- |
1.33 (0.73-2.43) |
| Prior sexual violence |
- |
- |
- |
1.56 (0.91-2.69) |
| Prior accidents |
- |
- |
- |
0.95 (0.73-1.23) |
| Prior deaths |
- |
- |
- |
1.53 (1.16-2.03) |
| Prior network events |
- |
- |
- |
1.10 (0.77-1.57) |
| Prior witnessing |
- |
- |
- |
1.09 (0.93-1.28) |
| Prior other events | - | - | - | 0.14 (0.01-2.92) |
*Statistically significant (p < 0.05); OR Odds Ratio.