Table 4.
Associations of socio-demographic factors with 12-month PTSD in the South Africa Stress and Health Study (N = 4315)
| Variable | 12-month PTSD in total sample; OR (OR range) | 12-month PTSD among those with events; OR (OR range) | 12-month PTSD among those with events, controlling for events; OR (OR range) | 12-month PTSD among those with lifetime PTSD; OR (OR range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gender | ||||
| Male |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Female |
1.55 (0.58-4.14) |
0.44 (0.06-3.27) |
0.45 (0.12-1.68 |
2.40 (0.32-17.82) |
|
Age | ||||
| 18 - 29 |
0.95 (0.10-9.50) |
4.60 (0.17-123.08) |
2.86 (0.16-50.34) |
11.29 (0.17-743.84) |
| 30 - 44 |
1.43 (0.35-5.86) |
3.66 (0.61-21.89) |
2.58 (0.43-15.50) |
10.57 (0.29-384.73) |
| 45 - 59 |
1.21 (0.23-6.42) |
4.82 (0.47-49.80) |
4.81 (0.61-37.88) |
21.85 (0.66-722.73) |
| 60+ |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Marital status | ||||
| Married |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Previously married |
1.34 (0.38-4.71) |
0.19 (0.01-2.72) |
0.30 (0.06-1.62) |
0.02 (0.00-0.31)* |
| Never married |
0.78 (0.20-3.02) |
1.70 (0.49-5.92) |
3.76 (0.78-18.15) |
37.64 (2.22-639.50)* |
|
Education level | ||||
| Low |
0.14 (0.01-1.42) |
0.49 (0.03-9.92) |
0.59 (0.03-13.83) |
. |
| Low-average |
1.56 (0.38-6.38) |
4.56 (0.30-68.37) |
5.55 (0.29-106.30) |
29.45 (2.62-330.50)* |
| High-average |
0.53 (0.14-2.01) |
0.17 (0.03-0.91)* |
0.10 (0.01-0.82)* |
2.03 (0.18-23.31) |
| High |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
Employment | ||||
| Employed |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Homemaker |
0.67 (0.25-1.75) |
0.24 (0.05-1.29) |
0.41 (0.09-1.94) |
. |
| Retired |
0.44 (0.06-3.20) |
0.14 (0.02-1.14) |
0.14 (0.02-1.15) |
. |
| Other |
1.17 (0.47-2.92) |
0.49 (0.14-1.75) |
0.68 (0.22-2.07) |
0.15 |
|
Race | ||||
| White |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
. |
| Black |
1.05 (0.20-5.54) |
13.38 (0.90-199.26) |
14.97 (0.71-318.08) |
. |
| Colored |
1.08 (0.23-5.06) |
11.38 (0.75-172.24) |
16.86 (0.55-518.03) |
. |
| Indian |
0.40 (0.03-4.95) |
0.77 (0.03-19.87) |
2.37 (0.04-155.10) |
. |
| Other |
4.45 (0.33-60.76) |
42.19 (0.83-2138.38) |
27.14 (0.72-1024.36) |
. |
|
PTE classes | ||||
| War events, physical or sexual violence |
- |
- |
0.95 (0.20-4.51) |
0.33 (0.05-2.29) |
| Accident |
- |
- |
1.21 (0.19-7.68) |
0.73 (0.07-7.91) |
| Death |
- |
- |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Network events |
- |
- |
0.03 (0.00-1.95) |
0.13 (0.01-2.04) |
| Witnessing |
- |
- |
2.04 (0.38-10.75) |
0.09 (0.00-2.12) |
| Other or private |
- |
- |
0.10 (0.00-2.38) |
3.39 (0.03-430.50) |
|
Count of prior PTEs | ||||
| Prior war events |
- |
- |
0.25 (0.03-1.89) |
1.12 (0.25-5.06) |
| Prior physical violence |
- |
- |
1.53 (0.96-2.45) |
2.43 (0.98-6.06) |
| Prior sexual violence |
- |
- |
2.38 (1.21-4.69) |
2.97 (0.98-8.99) |
| Prior accidents |
- |
- |
1.32 (0.99-1.76) |
0.87 (0.33-2.33) |
| Prior deaths |
- |
- |
0.57 (0.23-1.42) |
1.08 (0.55-2.11) |
| Prior network events |
- |
- |
0.12 (0.01-2.08) |
0.05 (0.01-0.28) |
| Prior witnessing |
- |
- |
1.09 (0.88-1.35) |
3.38 (1.38-8.27) |
| Prior other events | - | - | 0.40 (0.03-5.69) | 89.72 (0.91-8832.05) |
*Statistically significant (p < 0.05); OR Odds Ratio.
Low and low-average education was combined in the model predicting 12-month PTSD among respondents with LT PTSD; Homemaker, retired and other employment categories were combined in the model predicting 12-month PTSD among respondents with LT PTSD.