Table 4.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for contrast-induced nephropathy according to the E/E’ levels (Multivariate logistic regression analysis)

	E/E’
	OR	95% CI	p
aModel 1	1.091	1.026-1.159	0.005
bModel 2	3.435	1.522-7.755	0.003
cModel 3	3.344	1.456-7.682	0.004
dModel 4	2.579	1.082-5.964	0.035

^a Model 1 (odds ratio per 1 increase in E/E’) : adjusted for age (> 75 years vs. ≤ 75 years), BMI, hypertension, diabetes, emergent/ urgent procedure, 3-vessel disease, IABP use, volume of CM per weight, eGFR (< 60 mL/min/1.73m² vs. eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m²), hemoglobin, albumin, and hs-CRP.

^b Model 2 (odds ratio for E/E’ > 15 vs. E/E’ ≤ 15) : adjusted for age (> 75 years vs. ≤ 75 years), BMI, hypertension, diabetes, emergent/ urgent procedure, 3-vessel disease, IABP use, volume of CM per weight, eGFR (< 60 mL/min/1.73m² vs. eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m²), hemoglobin, albumin, and hs-CRP.

^c Model 3 (odds ratio for E/E’ > 15 vs. E/E’ ≤ 15) : adjusted for Model 2 plus ejection fraction (≤ 40% vs. > 40%).

^d Model 4 (odds ratio for E/E’ > 15 vs. E/E’ ≤ 15) : adjusted for Model 3 plus left atrial volume index (> 35 vs. ≤ 35).

Abbreviations: BMI body mass index; IABP intra-aortic balloon pump; CM contrast media; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein.