Table 1.
Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics of patients who used yoga for their primary medical complaint (yoga users) and those who did not (yoga non-users)
|
Yoga non-users (n = 1858) |
Yoga users (n = 303) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Age group |
|
|
|
| Less than 30 |
111 (5.97%) |
14 (4.62%) |
0.426 |
| 30 to 39 |
247 (13.29%) |
47 (15.51%) |
0.320 |
| 40 to 49 |
361 (19.43%) |
65 (21.45%) |
0.436 |
| 50 to 64 |
708 (38.11%) |
138 (45.55%) |
0.016 |
| 65 or greater |
431 (23.20%) |
39 (12.87%) |
<0.001 |
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Female |
1449 (77.99%) |
266 (87.79%) |
<0.001 |
| Education |
|
|
|
| High school graduate |
474 (26.06%) |
107 (36.03%) |
0.001 |
| Employment |
|
|
|
| Full-time |
477 (26.75%) |
92 (31.19%) |
0.121 |
| Part-time |
289 (16.21%) |
52 (17.63%) |
0.553 |
| In relationship |
1100 (59.88%) |
162 (54.18%) |
0.066 |
| Health behavior |
|
|
|
| Current smoker |
272 (21.40%) |
27 (14.21%) |
0.021 |
| Past Smoker |
404 (31.79%) |
69 (36.32%) |
0.214 |
| Alcohol abstainer |
764 (41.73%) |
109 (36.09%) |
0.067 |
| Alcohol at least twice weekly |
308 (16.82%) |
49 (16.23%) |
0.868 |
| Fast food abstainer |
78 (4.30%) |
14 (4.68%) |
0.760 |
| Fast food at least twice weekly |
1573 (84.66%) |
261 (86.13%) |
0.785 |
| Main diagnosis |
|
|
|
| Osteoarthritis |
176 (9.47%) |
22 (7.26%) |
0.238 |
| Arthritis |
126 (6.78%) |
15 (4.95%) |
0.260 |
| Fibromyalgia |
207 (11.14%) |
42 (13.86%) |
0.174 |
| Spinal pain |
364 (19.59%) |
48 (15.84%) |
0.134 |
| Headache |
208 (11.19%) |
49 (16.17%) |
0.016 |
| Other pain |
206 (11.09%) |
26 (8.58%) |
0.229 |
| Hypertension |
62 (3.98%) |
9 (2.97%) |
0.863 |
| Ischemic cardiac disease |
22 (1.18%) |
2 (0.66%) |
0.564 |
| Irritable bowel syndrome |
56 (3.01%) |
12 (3.96%) |
0.288 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease |
85 (4.57%) |
23 (7.59%) |
0.032 |
| Lung diseases |
92 (5.91%) |
18 (5.94%) |
0.480 |
| Others |
254 (13.67%) |
36 (11.88%) |
0.467 |
| Health status |
|
|
|
| Good, very good or excellent |
310 (16.80%) |
48 (15.84%) |
0.802 |
| Mental health |
|
|
|
| Subthreshold anxiety |
471 (25.75%) |
80 (27.03%) |
0.668 |
| Threshold anxiety |
620 (33.90%) |
130 (43.92%) |
0.001 |
| Subthreshold depression |
423 (23.13%) |
93 (31.21%) |
0.003 |
| Threshold depression |
410 (22.42%) |
57 (19.13%) |
0.227 |
| Satisfaction |
|
|
|
| High satisfaction with health |
545 (29.64%) |
88 (29.14%) |
0.892 |
| High satisfaction in general |
928 (50.52%) |
138 (46.00%) |
0.152 |
| Health locus of control |
|
|
|
| High internal |
707 (38.91%) |
165 (55.18%) |
<0.001 |
| High external-social |
926 (51.05%) |
110 (37.29%) |
<0.001 |
| High external-fatalistic | 861 (47.60%) | 113 (38.18%) | 0.003 |