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. 2013 Jul 10;14:221. doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-221

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Copyright © 2013 Schmidt et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Scope of the biology represented in the biosimulation platform. In the synovial tissue, the activity of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), B cells (B), plasma cells, natural killer cells (NK), macrophages (MΦ), and endothelial cells (EC) are modelled. T cells (T) are modelled with distinct CD4 and CD8 T cell subpopulations. CD4 T cells are further divided into Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg subpopulations, as well as a CD28^- subset that has lost the requirement for costimulation. Antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) is also represented. Bone remodelling by osteoclasts (OC) and osteoblasts (OB) as well as cartilage remodelling by chondrocytes and MMPs is included.