Table 3.
Health risk factors, physical disability and functional health limitations among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants by sex
|
Aboriginal participants |
Non-aboriginal participants |
Odds ratio for Aboriginal participants vs non-Aboriginal participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1939) | (n = 259984) | |||
| |
% (n) |
% (n) |
Adjusted for age and sex |
Adjusted for age, sex, income, education |
|
Regular tobacco smoker |
|
|
|
|
| Never |
40 (772) |
56 (144910) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
| Current |
21 (416) |
7 (18595) |
3.6 (3.2–4.1) |
2.4 (2.0–2.8) |
| Former |
38 (738) |
37 (95720) |
1.5 (1.4–1.7) |
1.4 (1.2–1.6) |
|
Alcohol (number of drinks per week) |
|
|
|
|
| mean ± SD |
6.8 ± 12.5 |
7.0 ± 9.7 |
– |
– |
| 0 |
44 (851) |
32 (83829) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
| 1-4 |
16 (303) |
20 (51897) |
0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
0.6 (0.5–0.7) |
| 5-7 |
10 (188) |
14 (37332) |
0.5 (0.4–0.6) |
0.6 (0.5–0.8) |
| 8-14 |
12 (234) |
17 (45215) |
0.5 (0.4–0.5) |
0.6 (0.5–0.8) |
| ≥15 |
14 (269) |
14 (36668) |
0.6 (0.5–0.7) |
0.9 (0.7–1.0) |
|
Body mass index* |
|
|
|
|
| mean ± SD |
28.9 ± 5.9^ |
26.9 ± 4.9 |
– |
– |
| Underweight (<18.5) |
2 (33) |
1 (3287) |
2.6 (1.8–3.7) |
2.0 (1.3–3.1) |
| Healthy weight (18.5–24.99) |
21 (403) |
34 (88834) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
| Overweight (25–29.99) |
32 (627) |
37 (95232) |
1.4 (1.3–1.6) |
1.5 (1.3–1.7) |
| Obese (≥30) |
33 (647) |
21 (53504) |
2.5 (2.2–2.8) |
2.1 (1.8–2.5) |
|
Physical activity (sessions/week)* |
|
|
|
|
| mean ± SD |
12.0 ± 19.6^ |
10.8 ± 14.8 |
– |
– |
| Sufficient physical exercise |
64 (1248) |
75 (195781) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
| Insufficient physical exercise |
36 (691) |
25 (64203) |
1.9 (1.8–2.1) |
1.4 (1.3–1.6) |
|
Sedentary screen time (hours/day) |
|
|
|
|
| mean ± SD |
4.4 ± 2.8^ |
4.2 ± 2.5 |
– |
–– |
| 0-1 |
7 (130) |
6 (16601) |
1.2 (1.0–1.5) |
1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| 2-3 |
32 (625) |
38 (99640) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
| 4-5 |
29 (566) |
30 (78064) |
1.2 (1.1–1.4) |
1.3 (1.1–1.4) |
| 6-7 |
12 (229) |
10 (26615) |
1.4 (1.2–1.6) |
1.3 (1.1–1.6) |
| ≥8 |
13 (245) |
11 (29073) |
1.1 (1.0–1.3) |
1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
|
Vegetable intake (serves/day) |
|
|
|
|
| mean ± SD |
4.0 ± 2.9 |
3.9 ± 2.7 |
– |
– |
| Less than 5 serves |
63 (1228) |
66 (172074) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
| 5 or more serves |
32 (621) |
31 (81721) |
1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
1.1 (1–1.2) |
|
Fruit intake (serves/day)* |
|
|
|
|
| mean ± SD |
2.5 ± 2.2* |
2.6 ± 1.8 |
– |
– |
| Less than 2 serves |
30 (576) |
25 (63884) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
| 2 or more serves |
63 (1229) |
72 (187260) |
0.8 (0.7–0.8) |
0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
|
Physical disability |
|
|
|
|
| Does not need help with daily tasks |
86 (1543) |
94 (234089) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
| Needs help with daily tasks |
14 (245) |
6 (13855) |
3.9 (3.4–4.5) |
2.6 (2.2–3.1) |
|
Health limitations |
|
|
|
|
| No functional limitation |
23 (455) |
30 (77765) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
| Minor functional limitation |
16 (314) |
25 (65415) |
1.0 (0.8–1.1) |
1.0 (0.9–1.2) |
| Moderate functional limitation |
21 (404) |
22 (56248) |
1.8 (1.6–2.1) |
1.7 (1.4–2.0) |
| Severe functional limitation |
25 (486) |
14 (35481) |
4.7 (4.1–5.4) |
2.9 (2.4–3.4) |
|
Regularly care for sick/disabled family member or friend |
|
|
|
|
| No |
77 (1489) |
85 (221463) |
1.0 |
1.0 |
| Yes –Part-time |
9 (165) |
7 (18444) |
1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
1.3 (1.1–1.6) |
| Yes –Full-time | 9 (170) | 4 (10805) | 2.7 (2.3–3.1) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) |
Percentages may not equal to 100 due to missing/invalid data.
^Significant difference between Aboriginal group and non-Aboriginal group (P < 0.05, as a result of Student’s t-test).
*Significant difference between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal group (P < 0.05, as a result of a multiple comparison test adjusting for age and sex).