Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of the participants (n=408)

Characteristic	Mean ± SD (range) percentage
Age (years)	59.0±14.8 (15–86)
<35	8.5%
35–49	14.3%
50–64	36.0%
65–79	35.4%
80-86	5.8%
Gender
Male	35.5%
Female	64.5%
Disease duration (month)	54.2±79.8 (0.3-600)
Acute (<6wk)	7.8%
Subacute (6wk-3mo)	12.0%
Chronic (>3mo)	80.2%
VAS score	5.2±2.8 (0.2-10)
Outpatients	5.3±2.5
Inpatients	6.2±2.4 (p = 0.001)
Education
Elementary school	49.2%
Secondary school	31.2%
University	19.6%
Marital status
Single/widow	23.1%
Married	76.9%
Occupation
Office worker	10.9%
Laborer	17.8%
Housewife	37.8%
Student	2.2%
Retired	20.8%
Unemployment	10.5%
Diagnosis
Spondylolisthesis	31.7%
Degenerative disc disease	17.4%
Herniated intervertebral disc	20.4%
Fracture	12.9%
Non-specific back pain	17.6%