Table 1.
Summary data.
| Normal | Effortful | Mendelsohn | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Mean | Mean | P-value | Mean | P-value |
| VP max (mmHg) | 162 ± 93 | 183 ± 42 | 0.020* | 161 ± 45 | 0.635 |
| VP duration (s) | 0.87 ± 0.19 | 0.81 ± 0.15 | 0.303 | 1.66 ± 0.61 | <0.001* |
| VP rise rate (mmHg/s) | 869 ± 339 | 875 ± 309 | 0.920 | 680 ± 355 | 0.027* |
| VP integral (mmHg*(s/50)) | 6442 ± 2310 | 7896 ± 3297 | 0.124 | 14182 ± 7275 | <0.001* |
| VP line integral | 335 ± 71 | 383 ± 79 | <0.001* | 436 ± 151 | 0.008* |
| TB max (mmHg) | 245 ± 174 | 167 ± 77 | 0.326 | 161 ± 78 | 0.048* |
| TB duration (s) | 0.64 ± 0.13 | 0.58 ± 0.18 | 0.259 | 0.77 ± 0.21 | 0.086 |
| TB rise rate (mmHg/s) | 1150 ± 822 | 1030 ± 1141 | 0.676 | 805 ± 543 | 0.064 |
| TB integral (mmHg*(s/50)) | 4953 ± 1970 | 4619 ± 2060 | 0.464 | 5967 ± 2899 | 0.133 |
| TB line integral | 430 ± 340 | 408 ± 318 | 0.463 | 337 ± 178 | 0.273 |
| UES pre (mmHg) | 176 ± 122 | 145 ± 70 | 0.296 | 125 ± 72 | 0.005* |
| UES post (mmHg) | 249 ± 138 | 278 ± 192 | 0.358 | 294 ± 170 | 0.139 |
| UES min (mmHg) | −4 ± 6 | −1 ± 10 | 0.147 | −1 ± 10 | 0.174 |
| UES activity time (s) | 0.92 ± 0.13 | 0.86 ± 0.24 | 0.391 | 0.84 ± 0.16 | 0.135 |
| Nadir UES pressure duration (s) | 0.56 ± 0.08 | 0.65 ± 0.14 | 0.002* | 0.74 ± 0.16 | 0.001* |
| UES integral (mmHg*(s/50)) | 3605 ± 1942 | 4977 ± 2771 | 0.021* | 4729 ± 1948 | 0.157 |
| UES line integral | 163 ± 93 | 372 ± 283 | 0.004* | 358 ± 213 | 0.020* |
| Total swallow duration (s) | 0.93 ± 0.12 | 0.95 ± 0.22 | 0.673 | 0.92 ± 0.15 | 0.901 |
| Pressure velocity (cm/s) | 9.97 ± 1.68 | 10.47 ± 2.02 | 0.313 | 9.46 ± 1.46 | 0.317 |
VP = velopharynx; TB = tongue base; UES = upper esophageal sphincter.
Significant p-values are denoted by an asterisk.