Table 2.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies

All study designs
Excluded	Location: Not conducted in sub-Saharan Africa
	Publication type: Reviews, commentaries and editorials
Quantitative studies
Included	Analysis of factors associated with any of the following outcomes: maternal and/or infant receipt or use of ARV prophylaxis maternal cART initiation (or adherence), or maternal registration at the ART clinic, during pregnancy Participants: HIV-positive women (pregnant or with previous experience of the PMTCT programme) and their infants
Excluded	cART initiation among HIV-positive children (outcome) Referral to HIV care and treatment after exit from the PMTCT programme (outcome) Uptake of ARVs for PMTCT over time (time period as the explanatory variable) Studies that did not report a multivariate analysis (did not adequately control for confounding), or gave insufficient information on statistical methods to reach a decision
Qualitative studies
Included	Specifically explores barriers or facilitating factors related to any of the following: receipt or use of maternal or infant ARV prophylaxis cART during pregnancy , or referral to HIV care and treatment during pregnancy challenges to delivering the components (above) of the PMTCT programme Participants: Any with experience or perceptions of the PMTCT programme
Mixed methods studies
Included	Either qualitative or quantitative component meets inclusion criteria above

Hierarchy applied to exclusions: (1) Location; (2) included outcomes not reported, or publication type; (3) included outcomes reported but no associated factors, or excluded factor (time period); (4) included outcomes/explanatory variables but no multivariate analysis/brief methods.

ARV=antiretroviral; cART=combination antiretroviral treatment; PMTCT=Prevention of mother-to-child transmission.