Table 4.
Characteristics of quantitative studies included
| # | Author, year | Country, setting | Study design | Participants | Sample size* | Outcome** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 | Albrecht 2006 | Zambia, Urban | Clinical trial; sub-analysis | HIV+ women enrolled into the trial at two ANC clinics | 760 | Maternal/infant non-adherence (no ingestion of NVP) |
| 18 | Barigye, 2010 | Uganda, Rural | Prospective cohort study | HIV+ women enrolled in PMTCT programme at four clinics | 102 | Receipt of maternal NVP; maternal/infant NVP ingestion |
| 19 | Delva, 2010 | Kenya, Urban and rural | Prospective cohort study | Pregnant women attending ANC at five health centres | Not clear | Provision of NVP (defined as receipt of NVP) |
| 20 | Delvaux, 2009 | Rwanda, Urban and rural | Case-control study | HIV+ women who did not adhere (cases)/adhered (controls) to PMTCT prophylaxis | 236 | Receipt of NVP; NVP adherence (ingestion in recommended time) in mothers and/or infants |
| 21 | Ekouevi, 2004 | Cote d'Ivoire, Urban | Analysis within cohort study | Subset of HIV+ pregnant women within cohort study | 1023 | Women who started the prophylaxis regimen |
| 22 | Farquhar 2004 | Kenya, Urban | Prospective cohort study | Pregnant women attending one clinic; male partners | 314 | Maternal receipt of NVP; maternal/infant dose administered |
| 23 | Karcher, 2006 | Tanzania/Uganda, Rural | Prospective cohort study | Subset of HIV+ pregnant women attending four PMTCT sites | 619 | Infant NVP intake (administration) |
| 24 | Killam, 2010 | Zambia, Urban | Intervention study; stepped-wedge design | HIV+ pregnant women at eight ANC clinics, eligible for cART | 1566 | Enrolment and initiation onto cART within 60 days of HIV diagnosis |
| 25 | Kinuthia, 2011 | Kenya, Urban | Cross-sectional study | Subset of HIV+ women and their infants attending six MCH clinics | 336 | Mother and/or infant receipt of, or adherence to PMTCT ARVs |
| 26 | Kirsten, 2011 | Tanzania, Rural | Prospective cohort study | HIV+ pregnant women enrolled in PMTCT programme at one site | 122 | Non-acceptance of, or adherence to prophylaxis |
| 27 | Kuonza, 2010 | Zimbabwe Urban | Cross-sectional study | HIV+ pregnant women and their infants enrolled in PMTCT programme in four facilities | 212 | Maternal/infant non-adherence to NVP (no ingestion; ingestion >72 hrs post-birth or <2 hrs pre-delivery) |
| 28 | Megazzini 2009 | Zambia, Urban | Clinical trial; sub-analysis | Pregnant women in the trial intervention arm who had HCT | 71 | Ingestion of NVP or calcium tablet >2/>1 hour before delivery |
| 29 | Mirkuzie, 2011 | Ethiopia, Urban | Prospective cohort study | HIV+ women attending 15 facilities and their infants | 219 | Mother and/or infant receipt or ingestion of drugs |
| 30 | Msuya, 2008 | Tanzania, Urban | Prospective cohort study | HIV+ pregnant women attending ANC at two public clinics | 184 | Maternal ingestion of NVP |
| 31 | Peltzer, 2008 | South Africa, Unclear | Cross-sectional study | HIV+ pregnant women in a PMTCT cohort from five clinics | 116 | Maternal/infant adherence to NVP (consumption) |
| 32 | Peltzer, 2010 | South Africa, Rural | Cross-sectional study | Post-natal HIV+ women and their infants at 47 clinics | 815 | Mother and/or infant not ingesting NVP, or not at recommended time |
| 33 | Peltzer, 2011 | South Africa, Rural | Cross-sectional study | HIV+ pregnant/post-natal women and their infants at 48 clinics | 746 | Maternal/infant adherence to ARV prophylaxis (NVP- ingestion; AZT-never missed dose) |
| 34 | Stinson, 2010 | South Africa, Urban | Retrospective cohort study | HIV+ women eligible for cART attending four ANCs | 516 | Initiating cART during pregnancy; on cART at delivery |
| 35 | Stringer, 2003 | Zambia, Urban | Cluster-randomized trial | HIV+ pregnant women attending the two health facilities in the trial | 201 | Maternal ingestion of NVP |
| 36 | Stringer, 2010 | Four countries, Unclear | Cross-sectional study | HIV+ women and their infants attending 43 delivery sites | 3196 | Maternal/infant NVP ingestion |
*
Sample size for analysis associated with uptake of ARVs
**
Some studies also analyzed other outcomes that are not shown.
#
Study number (sequential order; differs from bibliographic reference number); VCT=voluntary counselling and testing; cART=combination antiretroviral therapy; NVP=nevirapine; AZT=Azidothymidine; ANC=antenatal clinic; MCH=maternal and child health; PMTCT=Prevention of mother-to-child transmission; HCT=HIV counselling and testing.