Table 5.
Characteristics of mixed-methods studies included
| # | Author, year | Setting | Study design | Participants | Sample size* | Outcomes** (quantitative) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | Balcha, 2011 | Ethiopia, urban and rural | IDIs/descriptive analysis of aggregated programme data | IDIs with key informants | 3 IDIs | Uptake of PMTCT indicators only |
| 38 | Doherty 2009 | South Africa, rural | Operational research: FGDs, observations, structured interviews, descriptive analysis of routine PMTCT data | Facility managers, counsellors, primary health care supervisors, district coordinators | 15 interviews with managers/ 35 with counsellors; 1 FGD | Uptake of PMTCT indicators only |
| 39 | Kiarie, 2003 | Kenya, urban | FGDs/randomized clinical trial | HIV+ postpartum/ pregnant women | 124 (quantitative analysis); 7 FGDs | Compliance: took maternal and infant NVPor≥80% of AZT doses |
| 40 | Laher, 2012 | South Africa, urban | Cross-sectional survey/structured interviews and FGD | Women attending a paediatric clinic with HIV-infected infants | Survey: 45; 2 FGDs: 10 women in total; Interviews: 35 | Uptake of PMTCT indicators only |
| 41 | Mepham, 2011 | South Africa, rural | IDIs/quantitative sub-study within clinical trial | Subset of HIV+ women enrolled into the trial | 94 (quantitative analysis); 43 IDI | No statistical analysis of factors associated with PMTCT ARV uptake |
| 42 | Muchedzi, 2010 | Zimbabwe urban | FGDs/cross-sectional study | HIV+ women from 4 ANCs referred for cART and key informants (from ANC) | Survey: 147; 2 FGDs (of 10–12) | Registration at the HIV clinic |
| 43 | Varga, 2008 | South Africa, urban and rural | Participatory group workshops (role plays), FGDs and cross-sectional survey | RCH clinic/programme staff and adolescent mothers | 10–15 per workshop (×2); 10–12 per FGD (×2); 100 for survey | No statistical analysis of factors associated with PMTCT ARV uptake |
| 44 | Watson-Jones, 2012 | Tanzania, urban | Cohort study/structured interviews and observations | HIV+ women at 2 delivery wards/health workers | Cohort analysis: 175; Observations: 9; IDI sample unclear | Attendance at the HIV clinic up to 4 months post-delivery |
*
Sample size for qualitative work and/or quantitative analysis associated with uptake of ARVs.
**
Some studies also analyzed other quantitative outcomes that are not shown; quantitative analyses for study numbers 37, 38, 40, 41 and 43 were excluded (only qualitative component met inclusion criteria).
#
Study number (sequential order; differs from bibliographic reference number); cART=combination antiretroviral therapy; NVP=nevirapine; AZT=Azidothymidine; ANC=antenatal clinic; MCH=maternal and child health; PMTCT=Prevention of mother-to-child transmission; IDI=In-depth interview; FGD=Focus group discussion.