Table 9.
Changes over time: factors associated with PMTCT ARV uptake in quantitative research
| Number of studies (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors | Fieldwork before 2007* (N=13) | Fieldwork in/after 2007** (N=10) | ||
| Individual | ||||
| Socio-demographic | ||||
| Education (or literacy) | 6 | 46% | 1 | 10% |
| Age of mother | 2 | 15% | 2 | 20% |
| Religion | 1 | 8% | 0 | 0% |
| Ethnicity | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Socio-economic | ||||
| No income generating activity | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Knowledge and beliefs | ||||
| HIV/MTCT knowledge | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Lived in villages exposed to HIV research | 1 | 8% | 0 | 0% |
| Obstetric and pregnancy-history | ||||
| Mother took PMTCT prophylaxis | 1 | 8% | 1 | 10% |
| PMTCT in previous pregnancy | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Parity | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Cervical dilation | 1 | 8% | 0 | 0% |
| Term/premature delivery | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Caesarian/vaginal delivery | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Infant factors/characteristics | ||||
| Birth weight of infant | 1 | 8% | 1 | 10% |
| Knowledge of infant HIV status | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| At risk for neonatal death | 1 | 8% | 0 | 0% |
| Partners and community | ||||
| Stigma | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Internalized stigma | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Experience of HIV discrimination | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Disclosure | ||||
| Disclosure of HIV/ARVs to partner | 2 | 15% | 2 | 20% |
| Disclosure to anyone | 0 | 0% | 2 | 20% |
| Disclosure to other (not partner) | 1 | 8% | 0 | 0% |
| Married or living with partner | 2 | 15% | 1 | 10% |
| Support | ||||
| Partner VCT | 1 | 8% | 1 | 10% |
| Couples VCT | 1 | 8% | 0 | 0% |
| Male involvement | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Attendance at support group | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Health-systems | ||||
| ARV services integrated into ANC | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Client understood referral process | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| HIV status kept confidential at clinic | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Site of PMTCT counselling | 1 | 8% | 0 | 0% |
| Place of delivery | 2 | 15% | 3 | 30% |
| Urban/rural facility | 1 | 8% | 0 | 0% |
| Number of ANC visits | 2 | 15% | 1 | 10% |
| Gestational age at first ANC visit | 2 | 15% | 1 | 10% |
| HIV test after/at first ANC visit | 1 | 8% | 0 | 0% |
| Mother given NVP to take home | 0 | 0% | 1 | 10% |
| Regimen type | 1 | 8% | 1 | 10% |
| Universal NVP without HIV testing | 1 | 8% | 0 | 0% |
*
Study numbers and fieldwork dates: 17 (2001–3), 18 (2002–7), 19 (2004–6), 20 (2006), 21 (2000–2), 22 (2001–2), 23 (2002–4), 28 (2005–6), 30 (2002–4), 34 (2005), 35 (2000–1), 39 (1999–2001).
**
Study numbers and fieldwork dates: 24 (2007–8), 25 (2008–9), 26 (2008–9), 27 (2008), 29 (2009), 31 (2005–6), 32 (2008–9), 33 (2010—imputed one year before year of publication), 36 (2007–8), 42 (2008), 44 (2008–9).