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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 22.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17(13):1291–1302. doi: 10.2174/138161211795703726

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Representative members of the five characterized families of MES [3]. The ABC family including ATP-driven multidrug pumps such as P-glycoprotein and LmrA from Lactococcus lactis. The MFS consists of secondary transporters driven by chemiosmotic energy and includes proton/drug antiporters such as QacA from S. aureus. Both the resistance/nodulation/cell division (RND) and the small multidrug resistance (SMR) families include proton-driven drug efflux pumps such as E. coli AcrB and EmrE, respectively. AcrB functions as a multisubunit complex in association with the outer membrane channel TolC and the membrane fusion protein AcrA. The multidrug and toxic compounds efflux (MATE) family consists of sodium ion-driven drug efflux pumps such as NorM from Vibrio parahaemolyticus.