Figure 3.

Ketamine treatment 10 h after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but not 24 h before abrogates LPS-induced depressive-like behavior. (a and b) Mean sucrose preference (%) (±SEM) and time spent immobile in the forced swim test (s) (±SEM) for mice treated with ketamine or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 24 h before LPS or PBS treatment (n⩾6 for all groups). (c) Mean sucrose preference (%) (±SEM) for mice treated with ketamine or PBS 10 h after LPS or PBS treatment (n⩾6 for all groups). Filled bars represent ketamine-treated mice that were treated with either LPS or PBS, and hollow bars represent PBS controls that were treated with either LPS or PBS. *p<0.05.