. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 22.

Published in final edited form as: J Couns Psychol. 2013 Feb 18;60(2):265–278. doi: 10.1037/a0031650

Table 4.

Multilevel Model of Change in Frequency of Alcohol Use Over Time, With Between-Person Effects of Key Predictors on Time 1 Frequency of Alcohol Use, and the Within-Person Effect of Peer Emotional Support on Within-Person Frequency of Alcohol Use Estimation

Predictor	Model 1		Model 2
Predictor	γ	SE	γ	SE
Intercept	4.95^***	.30	4.81^***	.30
Gender	−.45^**	.15	−.46^**	.15
Age	−.03	.02	−.03	.02
Marital status	−.04	.20	−.02	.19
Part time versus full time	.11	.21	.10	.21
Military status	.59^†	.33	.83^*	.34
Time	.17^**	.05	.33^**	.08
BP emotional support	.07^*	.04	.09^*	.06
WP emotional support	−.00	.02	−.01	.03
Time × Military Status			−.31^**	.11
BP Emotional Support × Military Status			−.04	.07
WP Emotional Support × Military Status			−.01	.04

Note. Convergence criterion = .001. Gender (male = −1, female = 1), marital status (unmarried = −1, married = 1), and full- versus part-time student status (−1 = part time, 1 = full time) were effect coded. Military status (0 = civilian, 1 = student service member/veteran) was dummy coded. BP emotional support denotes Level 2 (grand mean-centered) index of emotional support. WP emotional support denotes Level 1 (person mean-centered) index of emotional support. Between-person variables (Level 2) estimate effects on level of the outcome, which was centered to Time 1. Within-person variables (Level 1) estimate the rate of change in the outcome. Interactions including within-person (e.g., time or WP emotional support) variables estimate individual differences in rate of change from a given predictor. BP = between person; WP = within person.

^†

p < .10.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.