Table 1.
Venocentricity studies suggest MRI can be made sensitive to venocentric MS lesions. Specificity of this biomarker to MS is not well studied.
| Study | Field (T) | Subjects | Imaging | Voxel size | Metric | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tan et al. (6) | 1.5 | 17 CDMS | SWI post-gad | 0.65 mm × 0.49 mm × 2.50 mm | % LCV | Periventricular WM: 100% deep WM: 98% |
| Ge et al. (27) | 7 | 2 women with RRMS | T2* weighted | 0.23 mm × 0.23 mm × 2 mm | %LCV | 59% |
| Tallantyre et al. (28) | 7 | 8 CDMS | T2* weighted | 0.67 mm isotropic | % LCV | periventricular WM: 96% peripheral WM: 65% |
| Tallantyre et al. (29) | 3, 7 | 7 CDMS, 7 HC | T2* weighted | 7 T: 0.5 mm isotropic 3 T: 0.8 mm isotropic | % LCV | 7 T: controls: 8%, MS: 87%; 3 T: MS only: 45% |
| Grabner et al. (25) | 3, 7 | 10 patients with CDMS | FLAIR-SWI | 0.3 mm × 0.3 mm × 1.2 mm | % LCV | 25% |
| Lummel et al. (17) | 3 | 15 MS, 15 microangiopathy | SWAN | 0.52 mm × 0.52 mm × 2.6 mm | % LCV | MS: 80%; microangiopathy: 78% |
| Tallantyre et al. (30) | 7 | 28 MS, 17 non-MS with white matter lesions (12 with vascular risk factors, 5 HC) | T2* weighted | 0.5 mm isotropic | % LCV | MS: 80%, non-MS: 19% |
| Sinnecker et al. (14) | 7 | 10 NMO-spectrum disorders, 18 MS | T2* weighted | 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm × 2.0 mm | % LCV | NMO-SDs: 35%, MS: 92% |
| Wuerfel et al. (16) | 7 | 5 Susac Syndrome (SS), 10 RRMS, 15 HC | T2* weighted | 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm × 2.0 mm | % LCV | SS: 54%; MS: 92%, no lesions in HC |
| Kau et al. (31) | 3 | 14 suspected MS; by follow-up, all were diagnosed (5 MS) | SWI | 0.45 mm × 0.45 mm × 1.00 mm | CVS + lesions | All MS: ≥1 CVS + lesion; 8/9 non-MS, 0 CVS + lesions |
| Mistry et al. (7) | 7 | 29 suspected MS; by follow-up, 22 were diagnosed (13 MS) | T2* weighted | 0.5 mm isotropic | % LCV | All MS:>40% at baseline; all non-MS:<40% at baseline |
HC, healthy controls; % LCV, percentage of all lesions with central veins; CVS, central vein sign [the presence of a central vein in a large lesion (31)].