Table 1.
Main effects of hand grip
| Region | Dominant hand |
Non-dominant hand |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Side | Talairach coordinates in MNI space |
Z-value | Side | Talairach coordinates in MNI space |
Z-value | |||||
| x | y | z | x | y | z | |||||
| Central sulcus | CL | −34 | −30 | 56 | 7.38 | CL | 38 | −26 | 52 | 7.1 |
| CL | −30 | −30 | 66 | 6.4 | ||||||
| Postcentral gyrus | CL | −52 | −24 | 32 | 6.32 | CL | 54 | −18 | 50 | 6.46 |
| CL | −54 | −18 | 26 | 6.37 | CL | 48 | −26 | 58 | 6.31 | |
| Postcentral sulcus | CL | −50 | −22 | 50 | 6.61 | CL | 54 | −20 | 38 | 5.7 |
| Precentral gyrus (BA 4/6) | CL | 36 | −22 | 64 | 7.31 | |||||
| PMd | CL | −34 | −6 | 58 | 6.33 | CL | 42 | −10 | 54 | 5.87 |
| CL | −24 | −12 | 66 | 6.11 | IL | −38 | −4 | 52 | 5.76 | |
| IL | 28 | 0 | 54 | 5.94 | ||||||
| IL | 40 | 2 | 60 | 5.15 | ||||||
| Caudal PMv | CL | −54 | 6 | 6 | 5.85 | IL | −54 | 6 | 6 | 5.05 |
| IL | 50 | 6 | 28 | 6.6 | IL | −58 | 10 | 26 | 5.34 | |
| Rostral PMv (BA 44) | CL | −56 | 6 | 14 | 5.2 | CL | 62 | 16 | 12 | 6.95 |
| IL | 58 | 16 | 12 | 5.74 | IL | −58 | 6 | 4 | 5.05 | |
| Rostral cingulate sulcus | CL | −10 | 10 | 40 | 6.72 | |||||
| IL | 2 | 2 | 50 | 6.48 | ||||||
| Caudal cingulate sulcus | CL | −6 | −4 | 54 | 6.39 | IL | −10 | −6 | 62 | 5.67 |
| SMA | CL | −8 | −4 | 64 | 6.16 | CL | 8 | −2 | 68 | 6.31 |
| Pre-SMA | IL | 10 | 2 | 66 | 6.61 | CL | 8 | 4 | 58 | 6.28 |
| Insula cortex | CL | −38 | 2 | −2 | 6.3 | CL | 40 | 4 | 2 | 6.25 |
| CL | −40 | 14 | −4 | 5.53 | CL | 50 | 14 | −8 | 5.85 | |
| IL | 40 | 8 | −4 | 6.54 | IL | −36 | 12 | −2 | 6.07 | |
| IL | 44 | 2 | 10 | 5.55 | IL | −38 | 4 | 0 | 6.06 | |
| Supramarginal gyrus | CL | −44 | −36 | 24 | 6.12 | IL | −52 | −26 | 36 | 5.65 |
| IL | 52 | −36 | 44 | 5.98 | ||||||
| Intraparietal sulcus | IL | 48 | −38 | 52 | 6.15 | CL | 30 | −78 | 26 | 5.47 |
| IL | 28 | −76 | 26 | 5.96 | IL | −32 | −52 | 54 | 6.35 | |
| Superior parietal cortex | CL | −30 | −54 | 58 | 6.05 | |||||
| Parietal operculum | CL | −46 | −26 | 16 | 5.88 | CL | 56 | −18 | 22 | 6.16 |
| Frontal operculum | CL | −46 | 0 | 6 | 6 | |||||
| Superior temporal gyrus | CL | −48 | 8 | −10 | 5.72 | CL | 64 | −30 | 20 | 5.48 |
| Putamen | CL | −22 | −4 | 2 | 6.3 | CL | 28 | 4 | −2 | 6.14 |
| IL | −22 | 0 | 6 | 5.49 | ||||||
| Ventrolateral thalamus | CL | −14 | −16 | 2 | 6.05 | |||||
| IL | 16 | −10 | 12 | 5.87 | ||||||
| Posterior lateral thalamus | CL | 18 | −18 | 14 | 5.48 | |||||
| Red nucleus | CL | −12 | −14 | −6 | 6.06 | |||||
| Cerebellum (V) | IL | 20 | −50 | −20 | >8.0 | IL | −14 | −50 | −22 | 7.83 |
| Cerebellum (VI) | IL | 38 | −50 | −32 | 6.57 | IL | −12 | −70 | −22 | 6.09 |
| Cerebellum (VI) | CL | −30 | −54 | −30 | 7.05 | CL | 28 | −66 | −24 | 6.88 |
| Cerebellum (VI) | CL | −28 | −66 | −20 | 6.68 | CL | 34 | −58 | −26 | 6.31 |
| Cerebellum (CrI) | CL | −36 | −44 | −40 | 5.42 | IL | −46 | −58 | −34 | 6 |
| CL | 46 | −56 | −30 | 5.66 | ||||||
| Cerebellum (VIIIA) | CL | −20 | −68 | −46 | 6.95 | CL | 12 | −72 | −42 | 5.36 |
| Cerebellum (IX) | IL | 12 | −60 | −48 | 7.65 | IL | −14 | −56 | −48 | 7.2 |
| Cerebellar vermis (V) | M | 6 | −54 | −18 | 7.51 | |||||
| Cerebellar vermis (VI) | M | 6 | −66 | −20 | 7.05 | M | −4 | −68 | −24 | 6.88 |
| Cerebellar vermis (VIIIB) | M | −4 | −70 | −36 | 6.42 | |||||
Location of brain regions demonstrating significant activations for single handgrip compared with rest are given as MNI coordinates (x, y, z) in Talairach space. All voxels are significant at a threshold of P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons across whole brain. MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute; SMA = supplementary motor area; PMd = dorsal lateral premotor cortex; PMv = ventral lateral premotor cortex; BA = Brodmann area; CL = contralateral; IL = ipsilateral; M = midline.