Table 3.

Correlates of early breast milk HIV transmission.^a

	OR for infant HIV infection (95% CI)	P
Univariate model (n =148)
Breast milk HIV RNA load, 1 month postpartum	2.0 (1.2–3.1)	0.004b
Plasma HIV RNA load, 1 month postpartum	2.7 (1.4–5.2)	0.004b
HIV-gag response detected in breast milk	0.41 (0.16–1.1)	0.08
HIV-gag response detected in blood	1.1 (0.23–5.3)	0.9
No. of HIV-gag pools recognized in breast milk	0.69 (0.49–0.98)	0.04
No. of HIV-gag pools recognized in blood	0.74 (0.53–1.0)	0.09
Sum HIVSFU in breast milkc	1.0 (0.62–1.6)	0.97
Sum HIVSFU in bloodc	1.5 (0.68–3.4)	0.3
MIP-1β detected in breast milk	0.22 (0.047–0.99)	0.05
Multivariate model 1 (n =148)d
HIV-gag response detected in breast milk	0.29 (0.092–0.91)	0.03
MIP-1β detected in breast milk	0.15 (0.024–0.95)	0.04
Breast milk HIV RNA load, 1 month postpartum	2.5 (1.5–4.2)	0.001
Multivariate model 2 (n =148)d
No. of HIV-gag pools recognized in breast milk	0.65 (0.44–0.97)	0.03
MIP-1β detected in breast milk	0.13 (0.021–0.80)	0.03
Breast milk HIV RNA load, 1 month postpartum	2.3 (1.4–3.8)	0.001

95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HIVSFU, spot-forming unit; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; OR, odds ratio.

^aAnalysis restricted to 148 breastfeeding mother infant pairs with viral load, ELISpot, and chemokine data available.

^bUnivariate P values remain significant after Holm–Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons.

^cSimilar estimates were obtained when alternatively using maximum and mean to summarize the magnitude of peptide pool responses.

^dCovariates that retained significance after adjustment for HIV breast milk or plasma viral load were included in the final multivariate models.