Blood-brain barrier breakdown and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) concentrations. Pearson’s correlation analysis of scatter plot of log CGd vs. log CPpIX (r = 0.58, p < 0.0001) (A), scatter plot of log MVD vs. log CPpIX (r = 0.55, p < 0.0001) (B), and scatter plot of log MVD vs. log CGd (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001) (C). CPpIX, ex vivo PpIX concentration; CGd, ex vivo gadolinium concentration; MVD, microvasculature density using CD31 immunohistochemical staining.