TABLE 1.
Examples of oxidative stress assessment
| Target molecule(s) | Measured oxidation product | Method | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct measurement of free radicals | Lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence, fluorescence microtopography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy | ||
| Indirect measurement | |||
| Downstream oxidation products | Lipids | Malonyldialdehyde, isoprostanes | ELISA, high-performance liquid chromatography |
| Proteins, lipoproteins | AOPP, PB-DOPA, ox-LDL | ELISA | |
| DNA products | 5-OHdC, 8-OHdG, DNA strand-break frequency | ELISA, high-performance liquid chromatography variations, comet assay | |
| Decreased antioxidant capacity | Nonenzymatic | Cysteine/cystine ratio | RPLC, RPLC-MS |
| GSH/GSSG ratio, thioredoxin | HPLC, ELISA | ||
| Enzymatic | Superoxide dismutase, catalase | ELISA, RIA, spectrophotometry |
5-OHdC 5-hydroxy-2’-deoxycytidine; 8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; AOPP Advanced oxidative protein products; GSH Glutathione; GSSG Oxidized GSH; MS Mass spectrometry; ox-LDL Oxidized low-density lipoprotein; PB-DOPA Protein-bound 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; RIA Radioimmunoassay; RPLC Reversed-phase liquid chromatography;