Table 4. By treatment analysis: difference in obesity and metabolic characteristics between those maintaining participation (≥6 sessions attended) in the lifestyle counselling versus those not maintaining participation within the intervention group.
| Intervention group nonattenders (n = 91) | Intervention group attenders a (n = 86) | Between group +− | ||||||
| Baseline Mean (SD) | Follow-up Mean (SD) | Change | Baseline Mean (SD) | Follow-up Mean (SD) | Change | Difference (95%CI) | P value b | |
| Weight status | ||||||||
| Body weight kg | 76.2 (14.0) | 76.3 (14.5) | +0.1 (3.3) | 76.4 (14.2) | 75.8 (12.8) | −0.6 (3.2) | 0.7 (−0.3, 1.7) | 0.16 |
| BMI in kg/m2 | 28.1 (4.0) | 28.1 (4.0) | 0 (1.2) | 28.0 (4.2) | 27.8 (3.9) | −0.2 (1.1) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.6) | 0.21 |
| Waist circumfe rence in cm | 95 (12) | 96 (11) | +1 (5) c | 93 (10) | 94 (10) | +1 (5) | 0 (−0.5, 3) | 0.15 |
| Hip in circumference | 99 (9) | 100 (9) | +1 (4) | 99 (9) | 99 (8) | 0 (5) | 1 (−0.6, 2) | 0.29 |
| Fat mass in % | 36.8 (9.4) | 35.9 (9.3) | −0.8 (3.5) c | 36.4 (9.1) | 35.4 (9.0) | −1.0 (3.2) c | 0.2 (−0.8, 1.2) | 0.71 |
| Weight change in % | N/A | 0.1 (4.4) | N/A | N/A | −0.5 (3.9) | N/A | 0.6 (−0.6, 1.8) | 0.33 |
| Glucose metabolism | ||||||||
| HbA1c in mmol/mol | 39 (5) | 40 (4) | 1 (3) c | 39 (5) | 39 (3) | 0 (3) | 1 (0.3, 2) | 0.02 |
| HbA1c in % | 5.7 (0.5) | 5.8 (0.4) | +0.1 (0.3) | 5.7 (0.5) | 5.7 (0.3) | 0 (0.3) | 0.1 (0, 0.2) | 0.02 |
| Fasting plasma glucose in mmol/l | 5.3 (0.6) | 5.0 (0.9) | −0.3 (0.9) c | 5.3 (0.5) | 4.7 (0.8) | −0.6 (0.8) | 0.3 (−0.04,0.5) | 0.10 |
| 2-h post-load glu cose in mmol/l | 6.4 (1.7) | 6.5 (2.0) | 0.1 (2.0) | 6.1 (1.6) | 6.0 (1.8) | −0.1 (1.9) | 0.2 (−0.5, 0.8) | 0.66 |
| Fasting plasma insulin in pmol/l | 15 (10) | 13 (8) | −2 (7) c | 15 (9) | 12 (8) | −2 (7) c | 0 (−1, 3) | 0.46 |
| Blood pressure | ||||||||
| Systolic pressure in mm Hg | 129 (18) | 131 (19) | +2 (12) | 131 (16) | 133(19) | +2 (12) | 0 (−3, 4) | 0.92 |
| Diastolic pressure in mm Hg | 83 (11) | 81 (11) | −2 (7) | 84 (9) | 81 (10) | −3 (8) c | 1 (−1, 4) | 0.26 |
| Lipid profile | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol in mmol/l | 5.02 (0.89) | 5.12 (0.94) | +0.10 (0.78) | 5.07 (0.89) | 5.22 (0.99) | +0.15 (0.77) | 0.05 (−0.18, 0.30) | 0.63 |
| HDL cholesterol in mmol/l | 1.22 (0.26) | 1.30 (0.29) | +0.08 (0.15) c | 1.31 (0.32) | 1.42 (0.35) | +0.11 (0.16) c | 0.03 (−0.02, 0.08) | 0.26 |
| LDL cholesterol in mmol/l | 3.24 (0.80) | 3.26 (0.75) | +0.02 (0.71) | 3.28 (0.88) | 3.31 (0.98) | +0.04 (0.67) | 0.02 (−0.19, 0.23) | 0.88 |
| Triglycerides in mmol/l | 1.37 (0.75) | 1.35 (0.68) | −0.03 (0.58) c | 1.14 (0.50) | 1.17 (0.54) | +0.03 (0.46) | 0.06 (−0.11, 0.21) | 0.51 |
BMI = Body mass index, HbA1c = haemoglobin A1c, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, 95%CI = 95% confidence interval.
a
Maintenance is defined as having attended 6 sessions or more for lifestyle counselling (on top of an initial intake visit).
b
The differences with corresponding 95%CI's in changes of metabolic characteristics over time between those maintaining and not maintaining participation in the lifestyle counselling, determined with independent sample t-tests for continuous measures and chi-square tests for categorical measures.
c
P<0.05 for differences between baseline and follow-up measurements of metabolic characteristics determined with paired t-test.