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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharm Res. 2013 Mar 7;30(9):2248–2259. doi: 10.1007/s11095-013-1013-8

Figure 1. A general molecular circuit controlling cellular redox homeostasis in response to perturbation by SFN.

Figure 1

The ROS level is regulated through both negative feedback (lower) and incoherent feedforward (upper) loops. The ubiquitination activity of Keap1 is inhibited by ROS and SFN, allowing stabilization of Nrf2. Nrf2 then induces antioxidant genes, which collectively function to eliminate ROS.