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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharm Res. 2013 Mar 7;30(9):2248–2259. doi: 10.1007/s11095-013-1013-8

Figure 5. Activation of Nrf2 and antioxidant response by SFN in INS-1(832/13) cells.

Figure 5

(A) SFN concentration-dependently increased Nrf2 protein levels in INS-1(832/13) cells. Cells were treated with SFN for 6 h, and whole-cell lysates were used for immunoblotting. (B) SFN increased Nrf2 protein accumulation in nuclear fractions. Whole cell lysates, nuclear fractions and cytosolic fractions were collected after treatment with Veh (medium) and the indicated agents for 6 h. iAs, arsenite (5 μM); SFN (10 μM); tBHQ, tert-butylhydroquinone (50 μM). LAMIN A, TUBULIN and β-ACTIN were used as loading controls for nuclear fractions, cytosolic fractions and whole cell lysates, respectively. (C) SFN concentration-dependently induced ARE-luciferase activity. Cells were treated with SFN for 9 h. n = 4; *, p < 0.05 vs. Veh (medium). (D) Transcripts of Nrf2 and ARE-dependent genes measured by real-time RT-PCR. Cells were treated with SFN for 6 h. n = 2 - 5 independent experiments; *, p < 0.05 vs. Veh.