Table 4.
Risk factors among patients with first-ever stroke by pathological type and ischaemic stroke subtype in CARe Aosta Valley, Italy 2004–2008
| First-ever stroke | Ischaemic stroke | Primary intracerebral haemorrhage | Subarachnoid haemorrhage | p* | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 1,326) | Total (n = 1,057) | Atherothrombotic (n = 1,530 | Embolic (n = 266) | Lacunar (n = 210) | Other (n = 16) | Undetermined (n = 412 | (9n = 146) | (n = 44) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline characteristic | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 75 (13.7) | 75.7 (12.7) | 77.8 (9.2) | 79.2 (11.3) | 74.7 (10.9) | 47.3 (17.9) | 74.3 (13.7) | 74 (14.8) | 58.4 (16.7) | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| Male sex | 651 | 49.1 % (46.4–51.8) | 513 | 48.5 % (45.5–51.5) | 83 | 58.9 % | 110 | 40.4 % | 114 | 55.6 % | 9 | 64.3 % | 197 | 46.4 % | 84 | 57.5 % | 22 | 50 % | 0.54 | |
| Premorbid medication | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Antihypertensive treatment | 694 | 52.3 % (49.6–55) | 585 | 55.3 % (52.3–58.3) | 84 | 59.6 % | 172 | 63.2 % | 120 | 58.5 % | 0 | 209 | 49.2 % | 74 | 50.7 % | 13 | 29.5 % | 0.0086 | ||
| Antiplatelet agent | 327 | 24.7 % (22.3–27) | 276 | 26.1 % (23.5–28.8) | 48 | 34 % | 75 | 27.6 % | 54 | 26.3 % | 0 | 99 | 23.3 % | 37 | 25.3 % | 3 | 6.8 % | 0.0256 | ||
| Anticoagulant | 99 | 7.5 % (6.1–8.9) | 76 | 7.2 % (5.6–8.7) | 4 | 2.8 % | 66 | 24.3 % | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1.4 % | 18 | 12.3 % | 3 | 6.8 % | 0.0802 | |||
| Lipid-lowering drug | 70 | 5.3 % (4.1–6.5) | 62 | 5.9 % (4.4–7.3) | 10 | 7.1 % | 10 | 3.7 % | 14 | 6.8 % | 0 | 28 | 6.6 % | 4 | 2.7 % | 1 | 2.3 % | 0.3287 | ||
| Premorbid risk factor | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hypertension | 975 | 73.5 % (71.2–75.9) | 802 | 75.9 % (73.3–78.5) | 105 | 74.5 % | 212 | 77.9 % | 182 | 88.8 % | 3 | 21.4 % | 300 | 70.6 % | 120 | 82.2 % | 22 | 50 % | 0.0057 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 225 | 17 % (14.9–19) | 200 | 18.9 % (16.6–21.3) | 33 | 23.4 % | 44 | 16.2 % | 53 | 25.9 % | 0 | 70 | 16.5 % | 17 | 11.6 % | 3 | 6.8 % | 0.0087 | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 375 | 28.3 % (25.9–30.7) | 340 | 32.2 % (29.3–35) | 48 | 34 % | 59 | 21.7 % | 85 | 41.5 % | 2 | 14.3 % | 146 | 34.4 % | 22 | 15.1 % | 3 | 6.8 % | <0.0001 | |
| Previous TIA | 110 | 8.3 % (6.8–9.8) | 99 | 9.4 % (7.6–11.1) | 15 | 10.6 % | 21 | 7.7 % | 26 | 12.7 % | 1 | 7.1 % | 36 | 8.5 % | 5 | 3.4 % | 0 | 0.0284 | ||
| Know previous atrial fibrillation | 266 | 20.1 % (17.9–22.2) | 235 | 22.2 % (19.7–24.7) | 10 | 7.1 % | 206 | 75.7 % | 1 | 0.5 % | 0 | 18 | 4.2 % | 23 | 15.8 % | 2 | 4.5 % | 0.0030 | ||
| Previous myocardial infarction | 152 | 11.5 % (9.7–13.2) | 134 | 12.7 % (10.7–14.7) | 29 | 20.6 % | 37 | 13.6 % | 19 | 9.3 % | 0 | 49 | 11.5 % | 13 | 8.9 % | 2 | 4.5 % | |||
| Current smoking | 191 | 14.4 % (12.5–16.3) | 167 | 15.8 % (13.6–18) | 33 | 23.4 % | 24 | 8.8 % | 46 | 22.4 % | 1 | 7.1 % | 66 | 15.5 % | 12 | 8.2 % | 4 | 9.1 % | 0.0889 | |
| Heavy drinker | 59 | 4.4 % (3.3–5.6) | 52 | 4.9 % (3.6–6.2) | 10 | 7.1 % | 9 | 3.3 % | 20 | 9.8 % | 0 | 13 | 3.1 % | 6 | 4.1 % | 0 | 0.2336 | |||
| BMI >30 (kg/m2) | 87 | 6.6 % (5.2–7.9) | 77 | 7.3 % (5.7–8.9) | 6 | 4.3 % | 18 | 6.6 % | 21 | 10.2 % | 0 | 32 | 7.5 % | 5 | 3.4 % | 1 | 2.3 % | 0.2246 | ||
* Statistical difference in the mean age was tested using analysis of variance; all other comparisons were tested by χ2 test